Appendix 1 Part 3: Body Systems Flashcards
Alzheimer disease
brain disorder marked by deterioration of mental capacity
cerebrovascular accident
damage to the blood vessels of the cerebrum, leading to a loss of blood supply to the brain tissue
concussion
brief loss of consciousness as a result of an injury to the brain
epilepsy
chronic brain disorder characterized by recurrent seizure activity
glioblastoma
malignant tumor in the brain arising from glial cells
hemiplegia
paralysis affecting the right or left hand of the body
meningitis
inflammation of the meninges
multiple sclerosis
destruction of the myelin sheath on nerve cells in the central nervous system with replacement by plaques of sclerotic tissue
paraplegia
paralysis affecting lower portion of the body
syncope
fainting, sudden and temporary loss of consciousness as a result of inadequate blood flow to the brain
cerebral angiography
x-ray imaging of the blood vessels in the brain after the injection of contrast material into an artery
cerebrospinal fluid analysis (CSF)
Chemical tests, cell counts, cultures, and bacterial smears to detect disease
computed tomography (CT)
cross-section x-ray images of the brain and spinal cord, with or without contrast
electroencephalography
recording of electrical activity within the brain
lumbar puncture (spinal tap)
pressure of CSF is measure, contrast injected after removal of CSF
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
magnetic and radiofrequency waves are used to create an image of the brain
Positron emission tomography scan (PET scan)
Uptake of radioactive material in brain, shows how brain uses glucose, gives information about brain function
Stereotactic radio surgery
Nonsurgical type of radiation therapy used to destroy small tumors in the brain (cyber knife)
Transcutaneous electrical nerve simulation
Battery powered device, delivers stimulation to never to relieve acute/chronic pain
asphyxia
extreme decrease in oxygen with increase of carbon dioxide in the body, leads to unconsciousness or death
asthma
spasm or narrowing of bronchi, learning to bronchial airway obstruction
atelectasis
collapsed lung
emphysema
hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls
hemoptysis
spitting up of blood
hemothorax
blood in pleural cavity
pneumoconiosis
abnormal condition of dust in lungs
pneumonia
inflammation and infection of alveoli
tuberculosis
infectious disease caused by bacteria, affecting the lungs
Bronchoscopy
Visual examination of bronchial tubes with endoscope
chest x-ray film
x-ray imaging of chest in A/P , P/A, and lateral views
Computed tomography
cross sectional x-ray images of the chest
laryngoscopy
visual examination of larynx via flexible tube through nose/mouth
MRI
Magnetic waves and radio frequency waves create images of chest
Pulmonary angiography
x-ray images taken of the blood vessels in lung after injection of contrast
pulmonary function test (PFT)
measurement of the ventilation of the lungs
ventilation - perfusion scan
nuclear medicine test, uses radioactive material to analyze air and bloodflow
sputum test
sputum is expelled by coughing then analyzed for bacteria
tuberculin test
agents applied to skin to test for reaction, indicates for presence of TB infection
endotracheal intubation
placement of tube in nose or mouth into trachea to het airway
thoracentesis
a needle is inserted through skin between ribs to drain pleural effusion
thoracotomy
incision of the chest
Alopecia
absence of hair from areas of normal growth
cataract
clouding of the lens of the eye
conjunctivitis (pink eye)
inflammation of the conjunctiva
glaucoma
increase in pressure within the chamber at front of eye
melanoma
malignant tumor of pigmented cells
nevus
pigmented lesion in/on the skin (mole)
stye
pus-filled infection of glands near eyelid
tinnitus
abnormal noise in the ear
allergy test
procedure, allergy-causing substances are placed on skin, reaction is noted
bacterial/fungus tests
samples from skin lesions are taken to determine presence of bacterial growth
fluorescein angiography
fluorescein is injected, movement of blood is observed
ophthalmoscopy
visual examination of the interior of the eye
otoscopy
visual examination of the ear to the eardrum
skin biopsy
procedure, skin lesions are removed for microscopic examination
slit-lamp microscopy
procedure, anterior eye structures are microscopically examined with slit lamp
albuminuria
abnormal condition of protein in urine
anuria
abnormal condition of no urine production
dysuria
painful urination
glycosuria
abnormal condition of glucose in urine
hematuria
abnormal condition of blood In urine
nephrolithiasis
abnormal condition of stones in urine
renal failure
condition where kidney stops functioning and don’t produce urine
uremia
condition of high levels of urea in blood
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
measure the amount of urea in blood
cystoscopy
visual examination of urinary bladder with a cystoscope
Kidney, ureters, bladder
x-ray imaging of kidneys and urinary tract without contrast
intravenous pyelogram (IVP)
contrast material injected, x-ray images can be taken of urinary bladder
retrograde pyelogram
contrast material injected via catheter, x-ray films of urethra, bladder, and ureters
voiding cystourethrogram
x-ray films of bladder and urethra taken after urethra is filled with contrast while expelling urine
urography
x-ray imaging of urinary tract after injection of contrast material
dialysis
urea, creatinine, and uric acid are separated from blood from a machine
extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy
shock waves are beamed into patient to crush urinary tract stones
renal transplantation
donor kidney is transferred to recipient
