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Medical Terminology > Appendix 1 Part 3: Body Systems > Flashcards

Appendix 1 Part 3: Body Systems Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Alzheimer disease

A

brain disorder marked by deterioration of mental capacity

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2
Q

cerebrovascular accident

A

damage to the blood vessels of the cerebrum, leading to a loss of blood supply to the brain tissue

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3
Q

concussion

A

brief loss of consciousness as a result of an injury to the brain

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4
Q

epilepsy

A

chronic brain disorder characterized by recurrent seizure activity

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5
Q

glioblastoma

A

malignant tumor in the brain arising from glial cells

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6
Q

hemiplegia

A

paralysis affecting the right or left hand of the body

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7
Q

meningitis

A

inflammation of the meninges

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8
Q

multiple sclerosis

A

destruction of the myelin sheath on nerve cells in the central nervous system with replacement by plaques of sclerotic tissue

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9
Q

paraplegia

A

paralysis affecting lower portion of the body

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10
Q

syncope

A

fainting, sudden and temporary loss of consciousness as a result of inadequate blood flow to the brain

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11
Q

cerebral angiography

A

x-ray imaging of the blood vessels in the brain after the injection of contrast material into an artery

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12
Q

cerebrospinal fluid analysis (CSF)

A

Chemical tests, cell counts, cultures, and bacterial smears to detect disease

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13
Q

computed tomography (CT)

A

cross-section x-ray images of the brain and spinal cord, with or without contrast

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14
Q

electroencephalography

A

recording of electrical activity within the brain

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15
Q

lumbar puncture (spinal tap)

A

pressure of CSF is measure, contrast injected after removal of CSF

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16
Q

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

A

magnetic and radiofrequency waves are used to create an image of the brain

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17
Q

Positron emission tomography scan (PET scan)

A

Uptake of radioactive material in brain, shows how brain uses glucose, gives information about brain function

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18
Q

Stereotactic radio surgery

A

Nonsurgical type of radiation therapy used to destroy small tumors in the brain (cyber knife)

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19
Q

Transcutaneous electrical nerve simulation

A

Battery powered device, delivers stimulation to never to relieve acute/chronic pain

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20
Q

asphyxia

A

extreme decrease in oxygen with increase of carbon dioxide in the body, leads to unconsciousness or death

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21
Q

asthma

A

spasm or narrowing of bronchi, learning to bronchial airway obstruction

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22
Q

atelectasis

A

collapsed lung

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23
Q

emphysema

A

hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls

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24
Q

hemoptysis

A

spitting up of blood

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25
Q

hemothorax

A

blood in pleural cavity

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26
Q

pneumoconiosis

A

abnormal condition of dust in lungs

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27
Q

pneumonia

A

inflammation and infection of alveoli

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28
Q

tuberculosis

A

infectious disease caused by bacteria, affecting the lungs

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29
Q

Bronchoscopy

A

Visual examination of bronchial tubes with endoscope

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30
Q

chest x-ray film

A

x-ray imaging of chest in A/P , P/A, and lateral views

31
Q

Computed tomography

A

cross sectional x-ray images of the chest

32
Q

laryngoscopy

A

visual examination of larynx via flexible tube through nose/mouth

33
Q

MRI

A

Magnetic waves and radio frequency waves create images of chest

34
Q

Pulmonary angiography

A

x-ray images taken of the blood vessels in lung after injection of contrast

35
Q

pulmonary function test (PFT)

A

measurement of the ventilation of the lungs

36
Q

ventilation - perfusion scan

A

nuclear medicine test, uses radioactive material to analyze air and bloodflow

37
Q

sputum test

A

sputum is expelled by coughing then analyzed for bacteria

38
Q

tuberculin test

A

agents applied to skin to test for reaction, indicates for presence of TB infection

39
Q

endotracheal intubation

A

placement of tube in nose or mouth into trachea to het airway

40
Q

thoracentesis

A

a needle is inserted through skin between ribs to drain pleural effusion

41
Q

thoracotomy

A

incision of the chest

42
Q

Alopecia

A

absence of hair from areas of normal growth

43
Q

cataract

A

clouding of the lens of the eye

44
Q

conjunctivitis (pink eye)

A

inflammation of the conjunctiva

45
Q

glaucoma

A

increase in pressure within the chamber at front of eye

46
Q

melanoma

A

malignant tumor of pigmented cells

47
Q

nevus

A

pigmented lesion in/on the skin (mole)

48
Q

stye

A

pus-filled infection of glands near eyelid

49
Q

tinnitus

A

abnormal noise in the ear

50
Q

allergy test

A

procedure, allergy-causing substances are placed on skin, reaction is noted

51
Q

bacterial/fungus tests

A

samples from skin lesions are taken to determine presence of bacterial growth

52
Q

fluorescein angiography

A

fluorescein is injected, movement of blood is observed

53
Q

ophthalmoscopy

A

visual examination of the interior of the eye

54
Q

otoscopy

A

visual examination of the ear to the eardrum

55
Q

skin biopsy

A

procedure, skin lesions are removed for microscopic examination

56
Q

slit-lamp microscopy

A

procedure, anterior eye structures are microscopically examined with slit lamp

57
Q

albuminuria

A

abnormal condition of protein in urine

58
Q

anuria

A

abnormal condition of no urine production

59
Q

dysuria

A

painful urination

60
Q

glycosuria

A

abnormal condition of glucose in urine

61
Q

hematuria

A

abnormal condition of blood In urine

62
Q

nephrolithiasis

A

abnormal condition of stones in urine

63
Q

renal failure

A

condition where kidney stops functioning and don’t produce urine

64
Q

uremia

A

condition of high levels of urea in blood

65
Q

Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

A

measure the amount of urea in blood

66
Q

cystoscopy

A

visual examination of urinary bladder with a cystoscope

67
Q

Kidney, ureters, bladder

A

x-ray imaging of kidneys and urinary tract without contrast

68
Q

intravenous pyelogram (IVP)

A

contrast material injected, x-ray images can be taken of urinary bladder

69
Q

retrograde pyelogram

A

contrast material injected via catheter, x-ray films of urethra, bladder, and ureters

70
Q

voiding cystourethrogram

A

x-ray films of bladder and urethra taken after urethra is filled with contrast while expelling urine

71
Q

urography

A

x-ray imaging of urinary tract after injection of contrast material

72
Q

dialysis

A

urea, creatinine, and uric acid are separated from blood from a machine

73
Q

extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy

A

shock waves are beamed into patient to crush urinary tract stones

74
Q

renal transplantation

A

donor kidney is transferred to recipient

Medical Terminology (25 decks)

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