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Medical Terminology > Appendix 1 Part 1: Body systems terminology > Flashcards

Appendix 1 Part 1: Body systems terminology Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Aneursm

A

Widening of anarttry caused by arterial wall weakness

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2
Q

Angina

A

Chest pain

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3
Q

Arrhythmia

A

Abnormal Rhythm

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4
Q

Artherosclerosis

A

Hardening of the arteries

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5
Q

Congestive heart failure

A

Inability of heart to pump required amount of blood

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6
Q

Fibrillation

A

rapid, irregular, involuntary muscle contraction

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7
Q

Flutter

A

Rapid, usually regular, abnormal muscle contraction

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8
Q

Hypertension

A

High blood pressure

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9
Q

Myocardial infarction

A

Death of heart muscle

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10
Q

Pulmonary edema

A

Abnormal collection of fluid in the lungs

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11
Q

Shock

A

Symptoms related to poor oxygen supply to tissues and poor return of blood to the heart

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12
Q

Angiography

A

X-ray recording with contrast of blood vessels

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13
Q

Cardiac catheterization

A

Introducing a catheter into a vessel measure pressure and flow patterns of blood

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14
Q

Doppler ultrasound

A

Measuring blood flow in vessels via sound waves

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15
Q

Echocardiography

A

Images of the heart via sound waves or echos

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16
Q

Electrocardiography(EKG)

A

Recording electricity flowing through the heart

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17
Q

Holter monitor

A

Monitor used to detect abnormal heart rhythms

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18
Q

Lipid tests (LAB)

A

Measures cholesterol and triglyceride blood levels

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19
Q

Lipoprotein tests (LAB)

A

Measures blood high density and low density lipoproteins

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20
Q

Magnetic resonance imagine (MRI)

A

Producing an image by beaming magnetic waves

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21
Q

Positron Emission tomography (PET Scan)

A

radioactive chemicals injected into the blood stream to show blood flow and functional activity

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22
Q

Serum enzyme tests

A

Measures enzyme blood levels

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23
Q

Stress test

A

An ECG, blood pressure, and heart rate measurements to show cardiac response during exercise

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24
Q

Cardiac catheter ablation

A

Flexible tube is threaded through blood vessels into heart to destroy tissue that causes arrhythmias

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25
Q

Cardioversion

A

Brief discharges of electricity though the chest to stop an arrhythmia

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26
Q

Coronary artery bypass graft(CABG)

A

Vessels from chest, arms, or legs used to reroute coronary blood flow

27
Q

Defibrillation

A

Higher voltage discharges of electricity through the chest to stop an arrhythmia

28
Q

Endarterectomy

A

Surgical removal of the innermost lining of an artery to remove fatty deposits of clots

29
Q

Heart transplant

A

Donor heart is transferred to a recipient

30
Q

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)

A

Balloon tipped catheter that compresses fatty deposits to open artery

31
Q

Thrombolytic therapy

A

Medications are injected into the bloodstream to dissolve clots

32
Q

Cholelithiasis

A

abnormal condition of gallstones

33
Q

cirrhosis

A

chronic degenerative liver cell disease

34
Q

Colonic polyposis

A

condition where plus protrude from the mucous membrane lining the colon

35
Q

Diverticulitis

A

inflammation or infection within the diverticula

36
Q

diverticulosis

A

a condition of abnormal small pouches or sacs in the wall of the intestine

37
Q

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

A

Backflow of the contents of the stomach into the esophagus

38
Q

Hepatitis

A

Inflammation of the liver

39
Q

inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)

A

Inflammation of the lat proton of the ileum or inflammation of the colon

40
Q

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

A

Signs and symptoms are cramping, abdominal bloating, constipation, and diarrhea. The cause is unknown

41
Q

Hepatocellular carcinoma

A

Cancer of the liver (primarily)

42
Q

hyperbilirubinemia

A

High level of bilirubin in blood ( yellow product as a result of hemoglobin breakdown)

43
Q

Jaundice

A

Yellow-orange coloration of the skin and other tissues from high levels of bilirubin

44
Q

Abdominal computed tomography (CT)

A

A series of cross-sectional x-ray images of abdominal organs

45
Q

Abdominal magnetic resonance imagine (MRI)

A

Magnetic and radio waves to create images of abdominal organs and tissues

46
Q

Abdominal ultrasound

A

using sound waves to create images of abdominal organs

47
Q

Barium tests (Lower GI)

A

Barium is used to take x-ray images of the digestive tract

48
Q

Cholangiography

A

x-ray exam of the bile ducts

49
Q

Gastrointestinal endoscopy

A

visual examination of the GI tract with an endoscope

50
Q

Hemoccult test

A

test for detecting blood in feces

51
Q

Liver function tests

A

Measures liver enzyme blood levels

52
Q

Stool culture

A

fecal material is placed in a growth medium to test for presence of microorganisms

53
Q

Anastamosis

A

surgical creation of an opening between 2 GI tracts

54
Q

Colostomy

A

surgical creation of a new opening in the colon to outside the body

55
Q

Laparoscopic surgery

A

Removal of organs and tissues via laparoscope

56
Q

Acromegaly

A

enlargement of extremities caused by hyper-secretion from pituitary gland after puberty

57
Q

Cushing syndrome

A

Clinical features produced by excess secretion of cortisol from the adrenal cortex (obesity)

58
Q

Diabetes mellitus

A

disorder of the pancreas causing an increase in blood glucose

59
Q

goiter

A

enlargement of thyroid gland

60
Q

hyperthyroidism

A

overactivity of the thyroid gland; also called graves disease or exophthalmic goiter

61
Q

fasting glucose test

A

measuring blood glucose levels in someone who hasn’t eaten

62
Q

serum test

A

measuring hormone electrolytes and glucose levels in blood

63
Q

Urine test

A

measuring hormone electrolytes and glucose levels in the urine

64
Q

thyroid function tests

A

measuring levels of thyroxine, thilodothyronine and thyroid stimulating hormone in the blood

Medical Terminology (25 decks)

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