Chapter 2: Observing and Recording Behavior & Ethics Flashcards
Experimental Analysis of behavior (EAB)
- Dependent variable: Rate or frequency of response in most commonly used
- repeated or continuous measurement made of precisely defined responses
- repeated or continuous measurement made of precisely defined responses
- within subject experimental design
- visual analysis of graphed data
- description of functional relations (ex. does A and B?)
Within subject experimental design
- One person’s response is compared to their own response in a different situation/at another time
- a typical between-subjects design compares one group (experimental) to (another)
Phases (in order)
Screening Phase
Prepogram assessment phase or baseline phase
Treatment Phase
Followup Phase
Screening Phase
obtain client info and reason for seeking assistance
Prepogram Assessment phase or baseline phase
Hint: in the name
define and measure initial baseline level of behaviour
Treatment Phase
actively applying training, intervention, treatment program
Follow-up Phase
determine effects on behaviour following termination of treatment program
Behavioral Assessment (definition)
measuring target of a client
who, what, when, where, and how
Target Behavior
behaviour interested to change
ex. drinking water
Behavioral goal
level of the target behaviour that a program is designed to achieve
ex. I want to drink 1 litre of water per day
Outcome goal
broad; abstract result that one wishes to attain; often recognized as important by society; the “why”
ex. to be healthy
How is behaviour measured?
Operational Definition
precise objective definition of a term by specifying the operations the researcher the researcher or the observer made to measure it; the “how”
How is behaviour measured?
dimension
Frequency duration latency Intensity Product recording Quality
Product recording:
measuring tangible output of behaviour
latency:
time between antecedent stimulus and onset of behaviour
duration
length of time of behaviour
Intensity
strength of Behaviour
Quality
arbitrary judgement of social value; may use rating scale
Direct assessment
antecedents, target behaviours, and consequences are observed and recorded as they occur
ex. by oneself, in self-monitoring
ex. same room as client, secretly watching through a two way mirror
Indirect Assessment
based on second hand or third hand, remembered information
ex. interviews, questionnaires/rating scales
Natural Setting
behaviour observed in target person’s typical environment
ex. in a student’s classroom
Analogue setting
behaviour observed in stimulated location
ex. lab
Unstructured observation
without giving instructions
no specific events are planned to occur
Structured observation
made while instructions are given
specific events are planned to occur systematically
Continuous Recording
Record every instance of client’s behaviour during the entire observation period
Interval recording
record target within successive time intervals of equal duration
partial-interval recording
record behaviour a maximum of once per interval, regardless of how many times it actually occurred
While-interval recording
record behavior only if it persists during the entire interval
Time sample recording
record behaviour during brief intervals separated from each other in time
Interobserver Agreement (IOA) (definition)
statistic calculated to determine consistency in recording of target behavior
Calculate interobserver agreement (equation)
Divide the smaller frequency by the larger frequency
Reactivity
When the process of recording a behavior causes the behavior to change, even before any treatment is implemented, it is called
Program evaluation
used to determine efficiency
Side Effect
a result that is secondary to the active treatment
Trade-off
forgoing one desired aspect to gain another desired aspect
ex. higher GPA, gain weight
Revenge Effect
ironic, unintended consequence of treatment
