Chapter 2 key terms

Question 1

What are the 3 subatomic particles and their charges?

Answer 1

protons(+1)
electrons(-1)
neutrons(no charge)

Question 2

What is an atomic number?

Answer 2

the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom(lower of the two numbers next to a symbol)

Question 3

What is the mass number of an element?

Answer 3

the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom(written as a superscript)

Question 4

What are Isotopes and what makes them different?

Answer 4

atoms of the same element with different masses–have different number of neutrons(same number of protons)

Question 5

What is atomic weight/how is it found?

Answer 5

It is an average mass found using all Isotopes of an element weighted by their relative abundances

Question 6

What is a metal?

Answer 6

the majority of elements on the periodic table, and have properties such as shiny luster, conducting heat and electricity, and are solids(except mercury)

Question 7

What is a nonmetal?

Answer 7

right side of periodic table(including H) that can be solids, liquids or gases

Question 8

What are metalloids/which elements are they?

Answer 8

their properties are sometimes like metals and sometimes like nonmetals
-B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te

Question 9

What is a chemical formula?

Answer 9

the subscript to the right of the symbol of an element tells the number of atoms of that element in one molecule of the compound
ex: h20, ch4

Question 10

What is an empirical formula?

Answer 10

gives the lowest whole-number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound

Question 11

What is a molecular formula?

Answer 11

gives the exact number of atoms of each element in a compound

Question 12

What is an Ionic compound/what are the key properties?

Answer 12

generally formed between a metal and a nonmetal
-electrons are transferred from metal to nonmetal–the oppositely charged ions attract each other

Question 13

What formula(s) written for ionic compounds?

Answer 13

only empirical formulas

Question 14

How to write an inorganic formula?

Answer 14

-the charge on the cation becomes the subscript of the anion
-the charge on the anion becomes the subscript on the cation
-if these subscripts are not the lowest whole-number ratio

Question 15

How to name a polyatomic anion?

Answer 15

it is named as the name of the polyatomic ion

Question 16

How to name oxyanion with one oxygen?

Answer 16

has prefix hypo- and ends in -ite

Question 17

How to name oxyanion with four oxygens?

Answer 17

has prefix per- and ends in -ate

Question 18

What is a binary molecular compound?

Answer 18

compound formed between nonmetals

Question 19

How to name Binary molecular compounds?

Answer 19

prefix is used to denote the number of atoms of each element is in the compound(except mono- for first element listed)

Question 20

What is the second element in a binary compound changed to?

Answer 20

ending on second element changed to -ide

Question 21

General naming of organic compounds and what happens when a functional group is added?

Answer 21

first part of names correspond to number of carbons–>meth=1, eth=2, prop=3, etc.) and is followed by -ane
-when a hydrogen is replaced by a functional group the name is derived from the name of the alkaline and the ending denotes the type of compound