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CHEM > Chapter 1 key terms > Flashcards

Chapter 1 key terms Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the key properties of a solid?

A

rigid and possesses a definite shape

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2
Q

What are the key properties of a liquid?

A

flows and takes the shape of its container

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3
Q

What are the key properties of a gas?

A

takes both the shape and volume of its container

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4
Q

What is plasma?

A

A gaseous state of matter that contains an appreciable amount of electricity that is found in certain high-temp environments

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5
Q

What is a substance?

A

has distinct properties and a composition that does not vary from sample to sample

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6
Q

What are the two types of substances?

A

elements and compounds

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7
Q

What is an element?

A

its a substance which can not be decomposed into simpler substances

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8
Q

What is a compound?

A

its a substance which can be decomposed to simpler substances because it is made up of more than one element

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9
Q

What are the building blocks of matter?

A

atoms

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10
Q

What is the composition of an element?

A

each element is made of a unique kind of atom, but can be made of more than one element of that kind

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11
Q

What is the composition of a compound?

A

a compound is made of atoms from two or more different elements

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12
Q

What is the law of constant composition/the law of definite proportions?

A

compounds have a definite composition, meaning the relative number of atoms of each element in the compound is the same in every sample

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13
Q

What are the properties of mixtures?

A

mixtures exhibit the properties of the substances that make them and can be heterogeneous of homogeneous

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14
Q

What does heterogeneous mean?

A

a mixture that varies in composition throughout a sample

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15
Q

What does homogeneous mean?

A

a mixture that has the same composition throughout the sample

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16
Q

What is another name for a homogeneous mixture?

A

A solution

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17
Q

What are the 4 classifications of matter

A

Homogeneous mixture, heterogeneous mixture, element, compound

18
Q

What are physical properties?

A

properties that can be observes without changing a substance into another substance

19
Q

What are common examples of physical properties?

A

color, odor, density, melting point, boiling point, hardness

20
Q

What are chemical properties?

A

can only be observed when a substance is changed into another substance

21
Q

What are common examples of chemical properties?

A

flammability, toxicity, enthalpy of formation

22
Q

What are intensive properties and why are they important?

A

they are properties independent of the amount of the substance that is present and they are important for identifying a substance

23
Q

What are common examples of intensive properties?

A

density, boiling point, color, temperature

24
Q

What are extensive properties?

A

properties dependent on the amount of substance present

25
Q

What are common examples of extensive properties?

A

mass, volume, mass, energy, size

26
Q

What is a chemical change?

A

A chemical reaction forms new products

27
Q

What are examples of chemical reactions?

A

combustion, rotting, rusting, digestion

28
Q

What are physical changes?

A

matter changes form but not chemical identity

29
Q

What are examples of physical changes?

A

melting, shredding, boiling, chopping

30
Q

What is energy?

A

the capacity to do work or transfer heat

31
Q

What is work?

A

The energy transferred when a force exerted on an object causes a displacement of that object

32
Q

What is heat?

A

the energy used to cause the temperature of an object to increase

33
Q

What is force?

A

any push or pull on an object

34
Q

What are the two fundamental forms of energy?

A

kinetic energy and potential energy

35
Q

What is kinetic energy and what does it depend on?

A

the energy of motion and its magnitude depends on the object’s mass and velocity

36
Q

What is the kinetic energy equation?

A

KE=1/2mv^2

37
Q

What is the freezing point and boiling point of water in degrees C?

A

freezing point-0
boiling point-100

38
Q

Are there negative Kelvin temperatures?(what is the lowest possible temp in Kelvin)

A

No negative Kelvin temps(lowest is called absolute zero which is 0 K)

39
Q

What is precision?

A

a measure of how closely individual measurements agree with one another

40
Q

What is accuracy?

A

how closely individual measurements agree with the correct or “true” value

41
Q

Sig figs in addition or subtraction?

A

rounded to the least significant(lowest) decimal point

42
Q

Sig figs when multiplying?

A

rounded to the same number of digits as the measurement with the fewest number of sig figs

CHEM (13 decks)

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