Chapter 11 key terms Flashcards
As temperature decreases, what happens to particles?
they get closer together
What 5 physical properties reflect intermolecular forces?
boiling points, melting points, viscosity, surface tension, capillary action
Types of intermolecular bonds from weakest to strongest?
Dispersion forces, dipole-dipole forces, hydrogen bonding, ion dipole
How is a dispersion force created?
a nonpolar particle can be temporarily polarized to create a dispersion force
What 3 factors determine how strong the dispersion force is?
- number of electrons(more electrons, more dispersion force)
- size of atom or molecule/molecular weight(more compact, more dispersion force)
- shape of molecules with similar masses(more compact, less dispersion force)
Do molecules with lower boiling points have weaker or stronger intermolecular forces?
weaker
When do dipole-dipole interactions occur?
in polar molecules
For molecules of approximately equal mass and size, the more polar the molecule, the higher or lower its boiling point?
higher
Which has a greater effect: Dipole-dipole interactions or dispersion forces?
-if two molecules are of similar size and shape, dipole-dipole will most likely be the dominating force
-if one molecule is significantly larger than another, dispersion forces will likely determine its physical properties
What are ion-dipole forces?
found in solutions of ions
-strength of these forces is what makes it possible for ionic substances to dissolve in polar solvents, like water
What is viscosity?
resistance of a liquid to flow
What 8 liquid properties are affected by intermolecular forces?
boiling point, melting point, viscosity, surface tension, capillary action, heats of vaporization, heats of fusion
When does viscosity increase?
with stronger intermolecular forces
When does viscosity decrease?
with higher temperature
What is a phase change?
conversion from one state of matter to another