Chapter 2 - Key Concepts & Review Points Flashcards
Water is essential for ____________.
all living organisms
Water molecules can from ____________ with other molecules because they have two H atoms that can be donated and two un-shared electron pairs that can act as acceptors.
hydrogen bonds
Liquid water is an ____________ network of water molecules that form up to ________ hydrogen bonds with neighboring water molecules.
irregular
four
____________ substances such as ions and polar molecules dissolve readily in water.
hydrophilic
The hydrophobic effect is the tendency of water to ____________ its contacts with nonpolar substances.
minimize
Water molecules move through semipermeable membranes from regions of ________ concentration to regions of ________ concentration by osmosis.
high
low
Solutes more from regions of high concentration to regions of low concentration by ____________.
diffusion
Water ionizes to ____ (which represents the hydronium ion) and ____.
H+
OH-
The concentration of H+ in solutions is expressed as a ____________.
pH value
In acidic solutions, pH is ________ than 7.0. In basic solutions, pH is ________ than 7.0. Neutral solutions have pH = 7.0.
less
greater
Acids can ____________ protons and bases can ____________ protons. The strength of an acid is expresses as its pK.
donate
accept
The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation relates the ____________ to the ____________ and ____________ of an acid and its conjugate base.
pH of a solution
pK
concentrations
Buffered solutions resist changes in pH within about ________ pH unit of the pK of the buffering species.
one
