Chapter 15 - Vocabulary

Question 1

glycolysis

Answer 1

the 10-reaction pathway by which glucose is broken down to 2 pyruvate with the concomitant production of 2 ATP and the reduction of 2 NAD+ to 2 NADH

Question 2

aldol cleavage

Answer 2

a carbon-carbon cleavage reaction of an aldol (an aldehyde or ketone with a beta hydroxy group) that yields smaller carbonyl compounds

Question 3

enediol intermediate

Answer 3

a reaction intermediate containing a carbon-carbon double bond and a hydroxyl group attached to each carbon

Question 4

catalytic perfection

Answer 4

the ability of an enzyme to catalyze a reaction as fast as diffusion allows it to bind its substrates

Question 5

mutase

Answer 5

an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a functional group from one position to another on a molecule

Question 6

homolactic fermentation

Answer 6

the reduction of pyruvate to lactate with the concomitant oxidation of NADH to NAD+

Question 7

alcoholic fermentation

Answer 7

a metabolic pathway that synthesizes ethanol from pyruvate through decarboxylation and reduction

Question 8

TPP

Answer 8

thiamine pyrophosphate, a cofactor for reactions in which alph-keto acid undergo decarboxylation

Question 9

Pasteur effect

Answer 9

the greatly increased sugar consumption of yeast grown under anaerobic conditions compared to that of yeast grown under aerobic conditions

Question 10

substrate cycle

Answer 10

two opposing sets of metabolic reactions that, in many cases, function together to hydrolyze ATP, but provide a control point for regulating metabolic flux (aka “futile cycle”)

Question 11

pentose phosphate pathway

Answer 11

a pathway for glucose degradation that yields ribose-5-phosphate and NADPH (aka “hexose monophosphate shunt”)