Chapter 1 - Key Concepts & Review Points Flashcards
A model for the origin of life proposes that organisms ultimately arose from ____________ that polymerized to form more complex molecules capable of replicating themselves.
simple organic molecules
____________ gave rise to cells that developed metabolic reactions for synthesizing biological molecules and generating energy.
compartmentalization
All cells are either ____________ or ____________. Eukaryotic cells contain a variety of membrane-bounded ____________.
prokaryotic
eukaryotic
organelles
Phylogenic evidence groups organisms nto three domains: ____________, ____________, and ____________.
archaea
bacteria
eukarya
Natural selection determines the ____________ of species.
evolution
The ________ of thermodynamics states that energy is conserved.
first
The ________ of thermodynamics states that spontaneous processes increase the disorder of the universe.
second
The spontaneity of a process is determined by its ____________.
free energy change
Spontaneous reactions have a change in free energy that is ________ than zero and nonspontaneous reactions have a change in free energy that is ________ than zero.
less
greater
The equilibrium constant for a process is related to the ____________ for that process.
standard free energy change
Living organisms are open systems that maintain a ____________.
steady state
Biological molecules are constructed from a limited number of ____________.
elements
Certain ____________ and ____________ characterized different types of biomolecules.
functional groups
linkages
During chemical evolution, simple compounds condensed to form more complex ____________ and ____________.
molecules
polymers
Compartmentalization of cells promotes ____________ by maintaining high local concentrations of reactants.
efficiency
