Chapter 2 - Healthy Lifestyle

Question 0

Define fitness

Answer 0

The ability to carry out our daily tasks without undue fatigue

Question 1

Definition of health?

Answer 1

A complete state of physical, mental and social well being

Question 2

What are the cardiovascular benefits of exercise?

Answer 2

It slows down CHD

Increases HDL-C and decreases LDL-C hence preventing hypertension

Question 3

What are the respiratory benefits of exercise?

Answer 3

It slows down decline in VO2 max so aerobic capacity is higher

Question 4

What are the benefits on body composition of exercise?

Answer 4

Reduces obesity by burning fat and elevating metabolic rate after exercise
Cardiac workload is reduced with lower body mass
Symptoms of osteoarthritis are removed

Question 5

What are the skeletal benefits of exercise?

Answer 5

Thickening and increased elasticity of cartilage

Reduced risk of osteoporosis due to increased deposition of calcium

Question 6

What are the neuromuscular benefits of exercise?

Answer 6

Strength and co-ordination levels are maintained

Increased tensile strength and flexibility of tendons and ligaments

Question 7

What are the psychological benefits of exercise?

Answer 7

Reduced feeling of anxiety after exercise
Long term increase in work performance and so more positive attitude to work
Benefits of social interaction
Improved self esteem

Question 8

What is osteoporosis?

Answer 8

Reduction in bone mass causing brittleness and weak bones

Question 9

What causes osteoporosis aside from age?

Answer 9

A re absorption of minerals which form bone structure

Question 10

How can the chance of suffering osteoporosis be reduced?

Answer 10

By weight bearing activities that apply forces to bones. The bones respond by thickening the cell wall and become stronger

Question 11

How does insulin resistance occur in people with type 2 diabetes?

Answer 11

The muscle cell walls become less permeable to glucose needed for exercise, so normal levels of insulin can’t transfer blood glucose into cells for metabolism

Question 12

How does exercise reduce chances of t2 diabetes?

Answer 12

Muscle contraction increases cell membrane permeability to glucose, meaning glucose can pass naturally into the cells, so cell requirement for insulin is reduced

Question 13

How do carbohydrates provide energy?

Answer 13

Absorbed as blood glucose in small intestine, then transported round body as blood glucose

Question 14

Why do we require more water during exercise?

Answer 14

We lose water through sweat, water is needed to stay hydrated

Question 15

What are the anaerobic Effects of ageing?

Answer 15

Muscles reducing in size and function so strength deteriorates
Power decreases with a shift towards slow twitch fibres
Loss of neurones affect stm and co-ordination
Thinner myelin sheath of motor unit neurones affect reaction times

Question 16

What are the aerobic effects of ageing?

Answer 16

Decrease in MHR as MHR = 220- age
Arteriosclerosis increases blood pressure
VO2 max decreases around 10% per decade
Lung capacity decreases with age

Question 17

What are the effects of exercise in regards to ageing?

Answer 17

Reduced effects of CHD
Increased HDLC reduced LDLC so hypertension is prevented
Decline in vo2 max is slowed
Reduced obesity by burning fat so reduced cardiac workload
Relieves symptoms of osteoarthritis and osteoporosis
Increased strength, coordination and flexibility

Question 18

What are the effects of ageing on flexibility?

Answer 18

Joint features change due to arthritis
Length and position of tendons and ligaments change as strength is lost
Reduced elasticity of muscle tissue