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PE > Chalter 8 > Flashcards

Chalter 8 Flashcards

0
Q

What were the three periods of sport and contest in Ancient Greece?

A

Heroic age
Man of action
Man of wisdom

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1
Q

What were the 2 main characteristics of ancient sports?

A

Ceremonial based

Survival based

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2
Q

Describe the heroic age

A

Physical prowess was a part of a warlike preparation

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3
Q

Describe the man of action period

A

Physical prowess reflected inter city warfare

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4
Q

Describe the man of wisdom period

A

Intellect was dominant feature

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5
Q

How did sport in Ancient Rome evolve?

A

Military preparedness changed into an obsession for personal health

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6
Q

What allowed the rural upper class to engage in activities, not interfered by the public?

A

Their power, land ownership and wealth

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7
Q

Give characteristics of lower class games

A

Occasional due to limited free time
Local due to limited transport
Unclouded due to illiteracy
Ritualised because of influence of church
Violent and cruel, reflecting their lives
Wageri

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8
Q

Who was the founder of the modern Olympics?

A

Baron de Coubertin

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9
Q

When and where the first modern Olympic Games.

A

Athens, 1896

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10
Q

Who competed in the first Olympic Games?

A

The sons of the wealthy from public school

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11
Q

What was significant about the 1936 Berlin games?

A

It was the first time a country used the Olympics to demonstrate nationalistic and political ideals

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12
Q

What was the agrarian revolution?

A

Gradual movement of workers from countryside to larger town

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13
Q

What causes the agrarian revolution

A 
Emergence of a gentry class
Enclosure of countryside
Growth of Methodist movement
Mechanisation of farms
Poor wages of rural working class
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14
Q

Give characteristics of rational recreation

A

Regular, regulated, national, universal, codified, urban, festival, respectable

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15
Q

Describe the 3 main stages in development of sport in public school dam

A

Initially, the boys brought traditional ethnic sports into the schools for free time. Mob games and rural hunting were common.
Teachers and prefects channeled these activities into a socially acceptable form, resulting in rules and regulations being set
These activities became fully encouraged due to the idea of muscular Christianity, facilities built to encourage the sports

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16
Q

Describe the emergence of codification of rules.

A

Initially, written rules were established, different for each school as they were played internally. Then unified rules had to be created for inter school games to take part

17
Q

What is the gentleman amateur?

A

The idea by which the boys who attended public schools, playing sport, would take their amateur sport with them to their career, throughout the British empire. Initially among the elite, but they expanded to involve the middle classes in the community

18
Q

How did public schools for the upper class gentry affect the middle class?

A

It caused them to build their own public boarding schools with extensive sports facilities, linked by the railway system.

19
Q

What was the reason for involving the working class in sport?

A

Physical endeavour and moral integrity would rub off and become part of a respectable working class culture

20
Q

What influenced the growth of rational sport most?

A

Development of railway system

21
Q

How did the definition of amateurism change over time?

A

From no financial gain, to covering expenses such as travel, to allowing funding and sponsorship to improve the game.

22
Q

Why do wealthier countries tend to have more successful athletes?

A

They can pay athletes money to only focus on their sport to improve, not worrying about the business of living

23
Q

What was the Olympic creed and when was it out forward?

A

Document basically saying that it’s not ago winning, about taking part. 1908

24
Q

What is the IOC?

A

International Olympic committe

25
Q

Who was Avery Brundage? What issues did he deal with?

A

IOC President from 1952-72. Co-existing sport and politics, despite multiple conflicts.

26
Q

What caused the USA team to be threatened to be expelled out of the Olympics in 1968?

A

Black power salute of Tommie smith and John Carlos on the podium

27
Q

Up to 1980, who funded the Olympics?

A

The hosting city

28
Q

What and when was the hamburger games

A

1984 LA, when the IOC realised they could generate huge sums of money through sales of anything connected with the Olympics

29
Q

What is TOP?

A

The Olympic program.

30
Q

What causes TOP sponsors to be so significant?

A

They are offered exclusive hospitality at the games, direct access to advertising programmes, use of the Olympic logo

31
Q

What is the issue with the arrangement of TOP sponsors?

A

Major sponsors, mostly American TV networks, dictate how the events are run, for example the times, so TV exposure is maximised.

32
Q

What was the shop window effect in the 2008 Beijing games?

A

The Chinese government saw these games as an opportunity to display athletic endeavour, organisation, to reflect the skill and worthiness of their society.

33
Q

When is sportsmanship dysfunctional?

A

When the performer has no regard for others, finding a way around rules.

34
Q

What is gamesmanship?

A

Intention to compete to the limits of the rules, or beyond if it can be gotten away with. Solitary attempt to win.

35
Q

Why is taking drugs in sport seldom a personal decision?

A

It’s influenced by role models being presumed to have taken em

36
Q

What is the whereabouts rule?

A

3 months in advance, athletes have to state their location for one hour a day, 7 days a week. It is at this time that random drug testing can occur

37
Q

What is WADA

A

World Anti Doping Agency

38
Q

What is gene doping?

A

Non therapeutic use of cells, genes, genetic elements which have the capacity to improve athletic performance.

39
Q

What is the ‘Athlete passport’?

A

Ongoing collection of blood and urine samples to be tested with new technology in the future.

PE (13 decks)

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