Chapter 1- Development Of Active Leisure And Recreation Flashcards
Define fitness
The capability to carry out ones daily tasks without undue fatigue
Define health related fitness
A basic level of physical fitness components which facilitate a good level of health
How are abilities determined?
Genetically
What are some social constraints to actual ability?
Opportunity, provision and self esteem
How has more free time affected health?
More free time has lead to sedentary lifestyles, stress in an ageing population
Define leisure
An activity, apart from the obligations of work, family and society, to which the individual turns to their own free will
Define recreation
A pleasurable occupation of leisure time
How is sport institutionalised?
By being regular, organised, and regulated with a code of behaviour
When was sport for all established?
1972
What was the general aim of sport for all, and why?
To attempt mass participation, to promote healthy lifestyles
What are all 11 contemporary concerns?
Diabetes Chd Obesity Stress Access Ageing population Activity patterns Sedentary lifestyles Metabolic syndrome High cholesterol High blood pressure
What are the 2 concern groups for obesity?
Elderly and young children
Define obesity
A surplus of adipose tissue resulting from excessive energy intake relative to energy expenditure
What are the costs to the nation of obesity?
Lack of independence and various diseases need extremely costly healthcare and nursing services
At what % body fat are men and women each considered obese?
25 men
35 women
What is a positive energy balance?
When energy intake exceeds energy output
What results from a positive energy balance?
Weight gain
In detail, describe process of weight gain
Excess CHO from food stored as glycogen. When glycogen stored are filled, CHO and excess fat are converted to fatty acids and glycerol, to be stored as triglycerides or fat in adipose tissue
Where is adipose tissues situated?
Around major organs, underneath skin and in skeletal muscle
What is hypertension basically?
High blood pressure
What is the simplest way to control obesity?
Make energy output greater than energy intake
How many deaths a year are caused by obesity in England?
Over 30,000
What percentage of British population are obese?
22%
What percentage of British adult population are overweight?
75%
What percentage has child obesity increased by in last 20 years?
300%
What is ischemia?
A condition where there is a reduction of blood flow and hence oxygen to heart
What is angina?
A heart disease due to ischemia
What is type 1 diabetes caused by?
Failure, through disease, of mechanism for insulin production
What is type 2 diabetes caused by?
Age related changes in the way the body reacts to insulin production
Why does diabetes occur?
When a persons body cannot regulate glucose levels
What are 4 symptoms of type 2 diabetes?
Lack of circulation to hands and feet
Extreme thirst or hunger
Unexplained weight loss
Partial or total sight loss
At what level of blood pressure does hypertension occur?
140/90mmHg
What is arteriosclerosis?
Hardening of arteries
What is cholesterol transported as?
Lipoproteins
What is LDL C
Low density lipoprotein cholesterol
Why is LDL C bad?
It isn’t removed by digestive system, lodges in walls of arteries in the form of plaque, causing atherosclerosis
What is the risk level of LDL C
Above 110 mg/dl
Why is HDL C good?
Prevents atherosclerosis by blocking LDL C from arteries
What’s the risk level of HDL C?
Below 45 mg/dl
What does metabolic syndrome refer to?
People developing a resistance of muscle cells to action of insulin, so not enough glucose finds it’s way to cells to enable them to work properly
What is a sedentary lifestyle?
One with none or irregular physical activity
What’s the likelihood of sedentary men and women suffering a fatal heart attack compared to their physically active friends?
Twice as likely
Name some causes of sedentary lifestyles in children
Increased availability of transport, so less need to walk or run
Discouragement of vigorous play activities
Widening of non exercise based recreation
How can you achieve benefits of healthy lifestyle?
Exercise 3 times a week of 20 mins duration and raising pulse and br to 70% of max
What are hypokinetic disorders?
Diseases or conditions that develop party due to insufficient exercise
Give 3 examples of hypokinetic disorders
Osteoporosis
Poor flexibility
Osteoarthritis
What is longevity?
Where people are living longer due to improved nutrition, health care and exercise
What factors effect opportunities?
Gender Ethnicity/ religion Age Disability Social/economic class
What are the 6 types of stressor?
Social Chemical/biological Bacterial Physical Climatic Psychological
