Chapter 2 Fascia

Question 1

Fascia

Answer 1

A collection of connective tissues under the skin.

Question 2

What does the Fascia cover?

Answer 2

Body wall and limbs.

Question 3

What does the Fascia divide into?

Answer 3

Deep, superficial, and internal fasciae.

Question 4

Describe the structure of the Superficial Fascia.

Answer 4

A layer of loose CT that lies just deep to the skin.

Question 5

How does the superficial Fascia structure help the skin?

Answer 5

It allows the skin to move more or less freely over the underlying structures.

Question 6

The structure of superficial Fascia contains a variable amount of?

Answer 6

Fat

Question 7

The amount of fat in the superficial Fascia is found more in females or males?

Answer 7

Females

Question 8

The superficial fascia fat is more abundant in?

Answer 8

Gluteal region, anterior abdominal wall, and breasts.

Question 9

The superficial fascia fat is less abundant in?

Answer 9

The limbs.

Question 10

The superficial fascia fat is absent in?

Answer 10

Penis, Eyelids, and scrotum.

Question 11

Functions of the Superficial Fascia.

Answer 11

1. Contains special types of glands such as mammary glands.
2. Prevent heat loss from the body, acts as a thermal insulator.
3. Softens and smoothens the surface of the body.
4. Facilitates the movement of the skin over the underlying structures.
5. Contains skin muscles such as facial muscles or the muscles of expression.
6. Medium to conduct the nerves, vessels, and the lymphatic to the skin.

Question 12

Describe the structure of the Deep Fascia.

Answer 12

A non elastic membrane formed of compact and regular collagen fibers.

Question 13

The collagen fibers are well defined in the..

Answer 13

Limbs

Question 14

The collagen fibers are very strong and thick in the …

Answer 14

Palm and sole

Question 15

The collagen fibers are absent in the..

Answer 15

Face and anterior wall of the abdomen.

Question 16

What are the functions of the Deep Fascia?

Answer 16

1. Formation of broad sheets around groups of body muscle to give muscle attachment, fix underlying structures in position, help the venous return.
2. Formation of inter-muscular septa and interosseous membranes: increase surface area for muscle attachment. Separate muscle groups that have separate actions and nerve supply.
3. Formation of retinacula: localized transverse blood around wrist and ankle joints to keep tendons in position.
4. Formation of palmar aponeurosis (palm) and plantar aponeurosis (sole): very thick layers of deep fascia to protect underlying vessels, nerves, and tendons.
5. Formation of fibrous sheaths around big vessels. Eg. carotid sheath in the neck common carotid artery, internal jugular vein, and vagus.

Question 17

What does the formation of broad sheets around muscle groups help with?

Answer 17

Muscle attachment, fix underlying structures in position, and help venous return.

Question 18

What is the function of inter muscular septa and interosseous membranes.

Answer 18

Increase surface area for muscle attachment and separate different muscle groups that have different actions and nerve supply.

Question 19

Where is the retinacula localized?

Answer 19

Localized transverse bands around the wrist and ankle joints.

Question 20

What is the function of the retinacula?

Answer 20

Keep tendons in position.

Question 21

What are the palmar aponeurosis and plantar aponeurosis?

Answer 21

Palmar = palm
Plantar = sole
They are very thick layers of fascia.

Question 22

What are the functions of the palmar and plantar aponeurosis?

Answer 22

They protect underlying vessels, nerves, and tendons.

Question 23

Give an example of fibrous sheaths around big vessels.

Answer 23

Carotid sheath in the neck around common carotid artery, internal jugular vein, and vagus.

Question 24

What does the knowledge of arrangement of deep fascia help with?

Answer 24

It helps explain the path taken by the infection when it spreads from its primary site. Eg. in the neck, infection can spread from the floor of the mouth to the larynx.

Question 25

What does the accumulation of fluid in superficial fascia lead to?

Answer 25

Edema

Question 26

Good mobilization of the skin after skin incision occurs at which plane?

Answer 26

Plane of superficial Fascia

Question 27

What happens to the surgical incision within the skin crease?

Answer 27

It heals with minimal injury.