Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Handbook of Counselor Preparation-Seminar in Counselor Ed > Chapter 2-Deep Learning > Flashcards

Chapter 2-Deep Learning Flashcards

1
Q

What 3 theorists have made defining contributions to experiential and developmental education.

A

John Dewey, Lawrence Kohlberg, and David Kolb.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Surface learning is defined as

A

acceptance of information and memorization of isolated and unlinked facts.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is another name for deep processing?

A

Semantic processing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does deep processing lead to?

A

(1) understanding and (2) long-term retention of ideas so that they can be used for problem solving in unfamiliar contexts.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Five activities that lead to deep learning. #1

A

making connections between concepts taught and personal experiences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Five activities that lead to deep learning 2

A

reflecting on how concrete specifics might indicate abstract patterns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Five activities that lead to deep learning 3

A

applying ideas taught in class to real-world situations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Five activities that lead to deep learning 4

A

connecting what one is learning to what one has learned previously

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Five activities that lead to deep learning 5

A

discussing ideas with others while keeping oneself open to enlarging one’s ideas based on encountering others’ ideas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Dominant transmission model of education

A

An authority passes on information to passive learner-receivers, who are supposed to somehow absorb knowledge.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Another term for dominant transmission model

A

Banking deposit model of teaching

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are 3 Dewey annotations about learning?

A

The difference between reception and activity
The need for learner interest and effort as conditions for powerful learning
A description of two levels of experience, one relatively superficial and one deeper

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are 2 other Dewey annotations about learning?

A

a five-step process for experiential teaching and learning

Dewey’s ideas on the ultimate purposes of education

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

RE: Dewey, what is Reception Versus Activity in Learning?

A

Utilizing activity in pedagogy

Engaging learners in confronting problems, posing hypotheses, and taking action based on reasoning.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What did Dewey mean by interest and effort?

A

Interest: the learner’s curiosity is triggered.
Effort: the tension between means and ends in action.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What did Dewey propose about Interest?

A

educators instigate students’ interest by helping them identify “for-whats,” or goals for learning,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What did Dewey propose about Effort?

A

students only learn when they become mentally engaged in solving problems
Students engage when they see how THEY can benefit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

For Dewey, experience operates on what two levels?

A

Primary experience

Reflection on the meaning of the experience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What experiences do students need for deep processing or meaning making?

A

Secondary experiences of reflection and hypothesis testing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

RE: Dewey, what 5 conditions outline the secondary experiences?

A

(1) indeterminate situations, (2) intellectualization, (3) working hypothesis, (4) reasoning, and (5) action.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does Dewey mean by Indeterminate Situation?

A

One in which routine responses are not adequate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

During the reflection of an indeterminate situation, what must students reflect (or pause) on?

A

They examine the conditions, the resources available, obstacles to action, and ways to overcome these obstacles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What does Dewey mean by Intellectualization?

A

Construct a mental representation of the problem

Ponder the situation in a thoughtful way, rather than responding from habit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What does Dewey mean by Working Hypothesis?

A

Pause further to study the conditions of the situation

Form a working hypothesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What does Dewey mean by Reasoning?

A

Thought experiments-test working hypotheses in light of the knowledge available.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What does Dewey mean by Action?

A

Student does not intellectualize but takes action to help resolve the issue.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

RE: Dewey, what is the purpose of education based on his two levels?

A

Proximate or immediate

Ultimate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

RE: Dewey, what is the purpose of the proximate learning?

A

To apply thinking and skills to real-world problems.

EX: counselors’ performance, test interpretation or applying ethics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

RE: Dewey, what is the purpose of the ultimate learning?

A

Promote social good

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What two ultimate purposes for education was Dewey concerned about?

A

(1) preparing citizens to be critical thinkers in a democracy and (2) encouraging learners to promote good for all citizens.

31
Q

According to Dewey, what are the ultimate purposes of education?

A

(1) promote cooperative living, (2) advance community welfare, and (3) improve the condition of others.

32
Q

What did Dewey urge educators to develop in students?

A

Traits of character

33
Q

Kohlberg’s moral stages of development

A

Preconventional
Conventional
Post-conventional

34
Q

Cognitive developmental education

A

From Kohlberg and Mayer

actively engaging learners to help them become self-authorized, principled

35
Q

When did Kohlberg propose that individuals expand their overall ways of knowing, or personal epistemologies?

A

When they are presented with conditions that they can’t assimilate into their current frameworks.

36
Q

What does Kohlberg mean by optimally mismatching the learner’s current way of knowing?

A

The teacher stretches the learner by posing dilemmas that can’t be resolved by the current way of knowing.

37
Q

Why was Kohlberg troubled with the convention-upholding (transmission) model?

A

He had direct contact with the horrors of Nazism where people just adhered to rule.

38
Q

What dimension did Kohlberg add to the educational model?

A

The developmental dimension

39
Q

According to Kohlberg, the developmental educator engages in what two overall tasks?

A

(1) assessing developmental readiness and (2) mismatching (challenging) that way of knowing with challenges that stretch the person’s current approach.

40
Q

What is a simple way to assess counselor readiness?

A

Assume most students of tend to use a combination of conventional and postconventional knowing

41
Q

Define pre-conventional stage of moral development

A

Self-interest, empathy not present

42
Q

Define conventional stage of moral development

A

Unquestioning, conforming to the conventions of the community, empathy present

43
Q

Define posts-conventional stage of moral development

A

Characterized by commitment to care and justice, beyond the norms of a community

44
Q

For mismatching, what did Kohlberg proposed that instructors do?

A

Instigate dilemma discussions, that is, situations that require thoughtful consideration of multiple perspectives in order to make a decision on how to act.

45
Q

What are 2 ways that encourage students to take other perspectives?

A

Teach empathy and cultural diversity

46
Q

What conditions are required for the mismatching process?

A

Learner must:
Be exposed to the next higher level of thought
Experience conflict over the usefulness of her current way of thinking
Rethink a problem using a new set of assumptions about how knowing is approached

47
Q

What does Gilligan (1988) mean by face value thinking vs. multiple lens thinking?

A

Face value-default to concrete, conventional rules.

Multiple lens-takes received knowledge as one among many possibilities.

48
Q

The overall process of mismatching is sometimes called:

A

Plus-one Reasoning, asks students to think in terms of one stage beyond their current stage.

49
Q

What 3 processes does a developmental pedagogy asks instructors to engage in?

A

(1) assessing the learner’s current way of knowing
(2) mismatching the learner’s current way of thinking by presenting dilemmas, that call the current way of thinking into question,
(3) helping the learner consider alternate ways of resolving the problem.

50
Q

What is Kolb’s theory called?

A

Experiential Learning Theory

51
Q

How did Kolb add to Dewey and Kohlberg’s theories?

A 
He created a learning cycle model which triggers deep learning through:
experience, 
reflection, 
conceptualization, and 
experimentation.
52
Q

What other theories are similar to Kolb’s theory?

A

Cognitive and cognitive/behavior-focus on power of experience and reflection

53
Q

Kolb’s Concrete Experience.

A

raw, concrete experience, which is parallel to what Dewey called primary experience .

54
Q

What are examples of Concrete Experience in a beginning counseling course?

A

Role play how to be helpful
Observe a counseling session
Recall times of being helpful

55
Q

Kolb’s Reflective Observation.

A

Observe and reflect on these [concrete] experiences from many perspectives”

56
Q

What are strategies for encouraging reflective observation in learners?

A

Ask reflection questions
Write about concrete experiences
Class discussion on meaning of these concrete experiences

57
Q

Kolb’s Abstract Conceptualization.

A

Create guidelines for action across situations.

inductive, in that learners infer a generalized conclusion from particular instances.

58
Q

What is deductive learning?

A

Noting a particular case as a demonstration of the general.

59
Q

Kolb’s Active Experimentation.

A

trying out generalized conclusions in further experience.

EX: practicing counseling sessions where learner seeks advice and finds deeper ways to help

60
Q

Kolb’s “CE”

A

Concrete experience

61
Q

Kolb’s “RO”

A

Reflective Observation

62
Q

Kolb’s “AC”

A

Abstract Conceptualization

63
Q

Kolb’s “AE”

A

Active Experimentation

64
Q

How do Kolb and Kolb propose Integrating the ETL Model Into Instruction?

A

three increasingly complex levels of learning—registrative, interpretive, and integrative

65
Q

Kolb’s registrative learning

A

AKA performance-oriented learning
Information merely “registers” with the learner
Only uses the two learning modes of reflection and abstraction.
Little action and little relation to personal experience.
EX: lecture

66
Q

Kolb’s interpretive learning

A

allows the learner to interpret abstractions into applications.
Abstraction and reflection are supplemented by action

67
Q

Kolb’s Integrative learning.

A

Personal experience is added.
Can be enhanced by requiring students to reflect.
Linking activities and reflections to the conceptual material, deeper learning

68
Q

What are 4 ELT MODES as learning styles?

A

Four on 2 axes
Abstract-Concrete
Active-Reflective

69
Q

Kolb’s four TYPES of learning styles

A

Convergers
Divergers
Assimilators
Accommodators

70
Q

Kolb’s learning style: Convergers

A

Abstract Experimenters

Learner prefers to use reasoning (abstraction) to act on specific problems (experimentation).

71
Q

Kolb’s learning style: Divergers

A

Concrete Reflectors
Inclined toward reflecting on concrete experience.
Most counselors oriented towards this styler

72
Q

Kolb’s learning style: Assimilators

A

Abstract Reflectors
Prefer abstract reflection, like to reason about phenomena.
EX: professors, researchers (idea people)

73
Q

Kolb’s learning style: Accommodators

A

Concrete Experimenters
Members of this group prefer to do, carry out plans.
More inclined to take risks
Just want the facts
EX: massage therapy, nursing, carpentry, and computer technician work.

74
Q

RE: Kolb, what inventory can instructors use to assess learning styles?

A

LSI-Learning Style Inventory

Handbook of Counselor Preparation-Seminar in Counselor Ed (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions