Chapter 2- Cytosol/Cytoskeleton

Question 1

Where does metabolism happen in eukaryotic cells?

Answer 1

Nucleoplasm or membrane bound organells

Question 2

Cytoskeleton is made of:

Answer 2

Protein fibers (actin microtub and int. fil) and accessory proteins (motor proteins)

Question 3

Where do you see the transfer from nutrients in the gastro-tract to blood stream

Answer 3

apical / basolaterla surface

Question 4

What molecule is double stranded and helical

Answer 4

actin

Question 5

Describe the actin filaments

Answer 5

R. Handed ,
5-10nm ,
linear,
3D gels or 2D networks

Question 6

Polymerisation>Hydrolysis

Hydrolysis>Polymerisation

Answer 6

+ end

- end

Question 7

What type of cell surface projection are dynamic

Answer 7

Lamelopodia and filopodia

Question 8

Microtobulues are :

Answer 8

Hollow long

25nm thick and they attach/start at the MTOC

Question 9

What type of bonds bind the alpha and b-tubulins

Answer 9

covalent bonds, for the GTP molecule , only B side is hydrolyzed and exchangeable

Question 10

how does a microtubule grow?

Answer 10

thru dynamic instability

Question 11

what are type of intermediate filaments are there?

Answer 11

Nuclear lamins,
Kertins
Neurofilaments
Vimentins/Desmins

Question 12

The following ways a cell can crawl

Answer 12

Protrusion
Attachments
Traction

Question 13

Motor protein - type of filaments and role

Answer 13

Myosin=actin (C-terminus toward +end) = vesicle movement
Kinesin=Microtubules (N-terminus-toward +end) = cell divison
Dyneins=Microtubules(- end)
None are intermediate filaments = vesicle moving

Question 14

Where is the major MTOC of the cell

Answer 14

The centrosome

Question 15

what does the centrosome consist of

Answer 15

Centrosome matrix and 2 centrioles

Question 16

Centriole is

Answer 16

9 fold symmetric with triples total of 27 microtobules

Question 17

Centrosome matrix role

Answer 17

minus end formation of microtubule filaments

Question 18

Intermediate filaments

Answer 18

Ropelike fiber

10nm

Question 19

Structure of intermediate fialments

Answer 19

Made of many tetramers( ea/ tetramer is 2 dimers which is 2 monomer that are ea alpha helical)

Question 20

What type of filaments is involved in cell-cell interaction and in adhesion jxn

Answer 20

Intermediate filaments

Question 21

what motor proteins convert ATP energy into mechanical force

Answer 21

Dynenin and Kinesin

Question 22

What type of cytoskleton direct intracell transport

Answer 22

microtubules

Question 23

Filaments are builty from :

Answer 23

multiple protofilaments

Question 24

How does polarity of actin grow

Answer 24

Plus end - dynamic unstable

Minus end - stable growth is towards the + end

Question 25

which side has high rates of polymerizaiton

Answer 25

+ end

Question 26

Which side has high rates of hydrolysis

Answer 26

• end

Question 27

what bonds link microtobule structure

Answer 27

covalent bonds between alpha and b-tubulin

Question 28

Treadmilling is seen in

Answer 28

Dinamic instability of microtubule growth

Question 29

Addition of what structure permits continuous growth of microtobule

Answer 29

GTP-Cap

Question 30

where is the center of microtubule growth

Answer 30

the centrosome

Question 31

in what stage of cell cycle is MTOC seen

Answer 31

Mitosis - late prophase to metaphase

Question 32

Where does the microtobule grow out of

Answer 32

y - gama tubulin ring complexes