CH4-Mitochondria Flashcards
What is significant about the assembly of Mitochondria?
They are able to use their own genome and translate proteins within organelle
Through which process does ATP get generated from
Oxidative phosphorylation
Mitochondrial main characteristics
Diameter of 0.5 um
Are moblie and plastic
Obtained through maternal inheritance
What are the 4 distinct comparments of the mitochondria
Outer memb
Inter memb
inner memb
matrix
What does the outer memb consist of:
Porins - allows passage of molecules up to 5kDa,
What part of the mitochondria has the proteins for the ETC
The inner membrane (cristae)
What is the role of the cristae
It increase the surface area, and contains in membrane the proteins of the ETC
What phospholipid is found in the Inner membrane
Cardiolipin ( strucutre of phospholipid with 4 F.A instead of 2)
What part of the membrane is responsible for protein import
Inner membrane
What part of the membrane has the ATP synthase
Cristae membrane
Where does the H+ pump during the krebs cycle
The Inter membrane space
Does the matrix contain ribosomes?
Yes, and mt-DNA
Through which process does most neuro-degen process occur from
Fussion/Fission problems
What ways can the cell recycle mitochondria
Intraorganelle exchange of lipids proteins DNA
Mitochondria Fission
Mitochondria Fusion
Through which process does mitochondria gets disrupted by
Oxidative stress
What are the names of the GTP’ase enzyme that help Fusion
Mfn1,2 - outer mt-membrane
What process increases the networks of mt and create more ATP
Fusion
For the treshold effect to be what type of DNA content needs to occur
Heteroplasmy. and reach an excess of 60-80% mt dysfxn
Through fission :
the cell facilitates mt-trafficing and autophagy is used
What enzyme facilitiates the ring like structure around mt
Drp1 - oligomerizes
Endosymbiotic theory states:
first euk cells formed > archael cell engulfed an aerobiotic bacteria
i.e large host cell ingest a bacteria
How does the mt and chloroplast protein enter
in an Unfolded form
What does the pre-cursor proteins have
Signal sequence at N-terminus with ability to fold into an amphiphatic alpha helix
What role does hsp70 /chaperones have
Let the mt.precursor prot unfolded in the cytosol, before they reach TOM
What factors are necessary for translocation
ATP and Membrane potential
What is the name of the region where mt DNA located
Nucleoid
Mt-genome
d.b stranded circulate
What makes mt different
Dense gene packing (no non coding DNA.. all have fxn)
Variable genetic code (same codon diff meaning)
Relaxed codon usage(need less tRNA for synthesis of mt proteins)
What type of inheritance is the inheritance of organellar genetic material
extranuclear inhertiance
What main factor gives mt-dysfxn
Aging
