Ch-3-Nucleus and Dna

Question 1

What helps molecules move btw nucleus and cytosol?

Answer 1

nuclear pores

Question 2

What is dumbbell shapped signifying

Answer 2

its the shape of nucleus with cell type, normally spheroid but dumbbel is leukemia anemia

Question 3

What is the nuclear envelope compartments (4)

Answer 3

-Outer n.memb = cont to the RER
-Peri n.space = cont ER lumen
-Inner n.memb= binding site for n.lamina
(NPC allow passing of molecules)

Question 4

NPC

Answer 4

150nm thick

Question 5

What is the nucleoporins surrounding (3)

Answer 5

Transmembrane ring - anchors NPC
Scaffold - layer of the ring
Channel - centroal pore

Question 6

Which DNA is un-expressed

Answer 6

Heterochromatin

Question 7

From the chromatin type which has less coil

Answer 7

Euchromatin

Question 8

What is the N.Lamina connected to?

Answer 8

To chromatin , allows DNA replication and transcription

Question 9

How is N.Import done

Answer 9

Proteins are bound to Import-R , those proteins have a Nucl Local signal that are bound to (phe-gly- repeats) fibrils.

Question 10

What disciple involves the study of the genetic make up

Answer 10

Genomics

Question 11

What is responsible for low correlation of complexity to chr. #

Answer 11

Non-coding DNAaka 1.1% actual is coding aka exons.

Question 12

what is it called when parts of the DNA’s genome can move around

Answer 12

Trasnposons

Question 13

How much % needed of a genetic variation for a it to gain/loose a fxn

Answer 13

1% is just mutation, >1 is called a polymorphism,

Question 14

What type of genetic variation explains a pattern of mendelian genetics

Answer 14

Mutation do

Question 15

What does chargaff rule signify

Answer 15

A=T

G=C

Question 16

Purines and Pyrimidines with H # bonds

Answer 16

T-C = pyrm
A-G= pur
AT - 2H
GC- 3H bonds

Question 17

What type of bonds link DNA

Answer 17

Phosphodiester bond

Question 18

What direction is strand direction in

Answer 18

5’ P–>3’OH

Question 19

This type of mutation is when theres a substitution of of an A.A to another

Answer 19

Misense

Question 20

This type of mutation is when theres a pre-mature stop

Answer 20

NonSense

Question 21

This type of mutation is an insertion or deletion

Answer 21

Frameshift

Question 22

What are 2 ways for DNA to be packaged

Answer 22

DNA Supercoiled
or
Nucleosomes

Question 23

What shape does supercoiling give

Answer 23

solenoidal

Question 24

What gives a R. handed confirmation twist

Answer 24

Overwinding gives +’ve

Question 25

What gives the DNA space to seperate

Answer 25

Underwinding with a -‘ve supercoil

Question 26

What mediates the overwinding or underwinding

Answer 26

Type 1 topoisiomersae will break 1 strand

where as Type 2 will break both strand

Question 27

What makes gene regulation possible

Answer 27

chromatin remodleing

Question 28

What is it referred to when centromere is located at one end of the chromosome

Answer 28

telo-centric

Question 29

What is it referred to when centromere is located at the centre

Answer 29

Metacentric

Question 30

What is it referred to when centromere is located at one end of the chromosome

Answer 30

Acrocentric