chapter 2 - chemistry and matter

Question 1

chemistry is the science that:

Answer 1

deals with structure and composition of substances

Question 2

matter is:

Answer 2

anything that has mass and takes up space

Question 3

mass is:

Answer 3

the amount of matter in an object

(SI units = grams)

Question 4

pure substance:

Answer 4

any matter that has a fixed composition and definite properties (H20, Cl2, C6H1206)

Question 5

elements:

Answer 5

simplest form of matter,, composed of only 1 type of atom, cannot be broken down by chemical or physical means

Question 6

molecule:

Answer 6

smallest unit of a substance that exhibits all the properties characteristic of that substance

Question 7

compounds:

Answer 7

two or more elements bound together chemically, can be broken down into similar component elements

Question 8

chemical symbols:

Answer 8

they consist of 1 or 2 letters, first letter is capitalized

Question 9

chemical formulas

Answer 9

combination of symbols

Question 10

mixture

Answer 10

a combination of more than one pure substance in which the composition is not fixed

Question 11

heterogenous mixture:

Answer 11

not evenly mixed

Question 12

homogenous mixture:

Answer 12

evenly mixed

Question 13

solutions:

Answer 13

homogenous mixture, small particles, dont separate

Question 14

suspensions:

Answer 14

heterogenous mixture, separates into layers, cloudy

Question 15

colloids

Answer 15

heterogenous, contains intermediate particles

Question 16

miscible

Answer 16

2 or more fluids that can dissolve into each other

Question 17

immiscible

Answer 17

not mixable

Question 18

physical properties

Answer 18

they can be observed/measured without changing the chemical composition

Question 19

extensive physical properties

Answer 19

dependent on the quantity of the sample

Question 20

intensive physical properties

Answer 20

not dependent on the quantity of the sample (melting/freezing point)

Question 21

melting point:

Answer 21

the temperature which a liquid becomes a solid

Question 22

boiling point

Answer 22

the temperature which a liquid becomes a gas below the surface of a liquid

Question 23

viscosity:

Answer 23

a liquid’s resistance to flow

Question 24

conductivity

Answer 24

a material’s ability to allow heat to flow

Question 25

malleability

Answer 25

ability of a solid to be hammered without shattering

Question 26

hardness

Answer 26

scratch test

Question 27

solubility

Answer 27

how easily a substance dissolves in a liquid

Question 28

solvent

Answer 28

you have the most of

Question 29

solute

Answer 29

you dont have the most of

Question 30

magnetism

Answer 30

attraction to iron

Question 31

density

Answer 31

mass per unit volume of a substance

Question 32

solid - liquid

Answer 32

melting

Question 33

liquid - gas

Answer 33

evaporation

Question 34

gas - liquid

Answer 34

condensation

Question 35

liquid - solid

Answer 35

freezing

Question 36

solid - gas

Answer 36

sublimation

Question 37

gas - solid

Answer 37

deposition

Question 38

filtration

Answer 38

separates materials based on it’s size

Question 39

distillation

Answer 39

process that separates the substances in a solution based on their boiling points