ch 5.3 Flashcards
what are valence electrons?
outermost e-‘s that are responsible for chemical properties.
elements in the same group have the same number of…
valence electrons
to get full outer energy level, METALS…
lose e-
to get full outer energy levels, NONMETALS…
gain e-
to get full outer energy levels, METALLOIDS…
share e-
which is group 1 (valence electrons)?
alkali metals
what happens to reactivity when you go down a group?
it increases
what group is the most reactive metals?
alkali metals
what is group 2 (2 valence electrons)?
alkaline earth metals
what two elements can be found in group 2?
magnesium (used to make steel) and calcium
what is group 3?
boron family
what element is most abundant in earth’s crust?
aluminum
characteristics of boron
used to make borax, brittle
what is group 4?
carbon family
electron characteristics of carbon family (group 4)
can gain 4, lose 4, or share electrons
second most abundant element in earth’s crust
silicon
what is group 5, how many gained electrons?
nitrogen family, gains 3 electrons
what is used in fertelizers?
nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur
what is group 6, how many gained electrons
oxygen family, gains 2 electrons
what can oxygen be used for?
very abundant element, can be used for digestion
what is group 7, and what does the name mean
halogen family; means salt-former.
what are the most reactive nonmetals
group 7 halogens
what do halogens react with, and what does it do
alkali metals, it forms salt
what element in group 7 is most reactive
flourine
what is group 8, and what is its reactivity
noble gases, non-reactive
which group outermost shell is full?
group 8 (noble gases)
what group is in <1% of earth’s atmosphere
noble gases
transition metals characteristics
solid; ductile, malleable, conductors
which groups are transition metals
groups 3-12
which transition metals elements produce a magnetic field
iron, copper, and nickel
which series are rare earth elements in
lanthanide series, actinide series; some are radioactive
