16.1 - thermal energy and heat Flashcards
what is heat?
heat is the transfer of thermal energy from one object to another, because of temperature difference
how does heat flow?
spontaneously from hot to cold
what is temperature?
the measure of how hot or cold something is compared to reference point
what is temperature (form)?
the average kinetic energy of particles in an object
what is thermal energy?
the total potential and kinetic energy in an object
what does thermal energy depend on?
mass, temperature, and phases of an object
what is thermal expansion/contraction?
change in volume of a material due to temperature change
what is thermal expansion?
an increase in temperature and volume
what is thermal contraction?
a decrease in temperature and volume
what is specific heat?
the amount of heat needed to raise ONE gram of a material ONE degree celcius
low specific heat =
easier to change temperature
higher specific heat =
harder to change temperature
what is the specific heat of water?
4.18 J
what is the specific heat of lead?
0.46 J
what is a calorimeter?
an instrument used to measure changes in thermal energy
