Chapter 2 Chemistry

Question 1

_____ is the smallest unit of matter

Answer 1

atom

Question 2

atoms interact to form _______

Answer 2

molecules

Question 3

Atoms are composed of?

Answer 3

Electrons
Protons
Neutron
(which forms nucleus of atoms)

Question 4

The nucleus of an atom contains?

Answer 4

Protons and neutrons

Question 5

electrons move around the _____ of an atom

Answer 5

shell

Question 6

each chemical has a different number of protons, which makes the?

Answer 6

atomic number

Question 7

________ are atoms with different numbers of neutrons. are unstable.

Answer 7

Isotopes

Question 8

Atomic mass =

Answer 8

Proton+Neutrons

Question 9

number of _______ dictates the behavior of an atom

Answer 9

electrons

Question 10

_______ a compound contains different kinds of atoms

Answer 10

chemical bonds

Question 11

______ are charged atoms that have gained or lost electrons

Answer 11

ionic bonds

Question 12

ionic bonds are attractions between ions of an _________ charge

Answer 12

opposite

Question 13

__________ form when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons

Answer 13

covalent bond

Question 14

The strongest bond

Answer 14

covalent bond

Question 15

polar

Answer 15

still has a charge

Question 16

non-polar

Answer 16

neutral, non-reactive, organic

Question 17

form when a hydrogen atom is covalently bonded to an O or N atom is attached to N or O molecule atom in another molecule

Answer 17

hydrogen bond

Question 18

the weakest bond

Answer 18

hydrogen bond

Question 19

_________ involve the making or breaking of bonds between atoms

Answer 19

chemical reaction

Question 20

chemical reaction that absorbs energy

Answer 20

endergonic

Question 21

chemical reaction that releases energy

Answer 21

exergonic

Question 22

_________ is the synthesis of molecules in a cell (takes energy)

Answer 22

anabolism

Question 23

_________ is the decomposition reactions in a cell (releases energy)

Answer 23

catabolism

Question 24

*_______ always contain carbon and hydrogen CH

Answer 24

*organic compounds

Question 25

________ compounds lack carbon

Answer 25

inorganic

Question 26

Substances that dissociate into one or more H+ (hydrogen)

Answer 26

acids

Question 27

substances that dissociate into one or more OH-

Answer 27

bases

Question 28

substance that dissociate into cations and anions, neither which is H+ or OH-

Answer 28

salts

Question 29

Increasing H+ increases?

Answer 29

acidity

Question 30

Increasing OH- increases?

Answer 30

alkalinity

Question 31

_________ are polymers consisting of many small repeating molecules

Answer 31

macromolecules

Question 32

monomers are joined by?

Answer 32

dehydration synthesis

Question 33

Carbohydrates

Answer 33

``` cell structures energy sources consists of C,H,O (CH2O) Monosaccharides Disaccharides Oligosaccharides Polysaccharides ```

Question 34

are simple sugars with 3 to 7 carbon atoms (carbs)

Answer 34

monosaccharides

Question 35

are formed when 2 monosaccharides are joined by dehydration synthesis (carbs)

Answer 35

disaccharides

Question 36

Disaccharides are broken down by?

Answer 36

hydrolysis

Question 37

this carb consists of 2 to 20 monosaccharides

Answer 37

oligosaccharides

Question 38

this carb consists of tens to hundreds of monosaccharides, joined by dehydration synthesis

Answer 38

polysaccharides

Question 39

Lipids

Answer 39

components of cell membrane consists of C,H,0 are non-polar and insoluble in water

Question 40

Fats and Triglycerides are?

Answer 40

Simple Lipids

Question 41

(simple lipid) - no double bonds

Answer 41

saturated fat

Question 42

(simple lipid)- one or more double bonds in the fatty acids

Answer 42

unsaturated fat

Question 43

Complex Lipids

Answer 43

Contains C,H, and O+P, N or S | Membranes are made of phospholipids

Question 44

Steroids

Answer 44

4 carbon rings w/ an OH- group attached to one ring | Part of membranes

Question 45

Proteins

Answer 45

``` essential in cell structure and function enzymes transporter proteins flagella some bacteria toxins are made of proteins ```

Question 46

are proteins that speed chemical reactions

Answer 46

enzymes

Question 47

__________ proteins move chemicals across membranes

Answer 47

transporter

Question 48

are made my proteins

Answer 48

flagella

Question 49

some bacteria toxins are

Answer 49

proteins

Question 50

protein consists of sub-units called

Answer 50

amino acids

Question 51

_________ bonds between amino acids are formed by dehydration synthesis

Answer 51

peptide

Question 52

The primary protein structure is a _________

Answer 52

polypeptide chain

Question 53

the secondary protein structure forms when the amino acids _________ and _______

Answer 53

folds, coils

Question 54

the tertiary protein structure forms when the helix folds _______

Answer 54

irregularly

Question 55

the _________protein structure consists of 2 or more polypeptides

Answer 55

quaternary

Question 56

Nucleic Acids

Answer 56

consists of nucleotides

Question 57

nucleotides consist of?

Answer 57

pentose phosphate group nitrogen-containing base

Question 58

Nucleosides consists of a

Answer 58

pentose | nitrogen-containing base

Question 59

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) has

Answer 59

deoxyribose double helix A hydrogen bonds with T C hydrogen bonds with G

Question 60

Ribonucleic acid (RNA) has

Answer 60

ribose single stranded A hydrogen bonds with U C hydrogen bonds with G

Question 61

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) has

Answer 61

ribose adenine 3 phosphate groups

Question 62

ATP is made by? broken down by?

Answer 62

dehydration synthesis hydrolysis

Question 63

buffering capacity can be used until?

Answer 63

it's used up, then can no longer buffer

Question 64

buffers level out excess

Answer 64

hydrogen

Question 65

neutralization

Answer 65

mixes a base with an acid to lower acidity