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Microbiology > Cells and Cell Staining Chapters 3 & 4 > Flashcards

Cells and Cell Staining Chapters 3 & 4 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Prokaryote comes from Greek word for ?

A

prenucleus

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2
Q

Eukaryote comes from Greek word for?

A

nucleus

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3
Q 
One circular chromosome
not in membrane
No histones
no organelles
Peptidoglycan in cell walls of Bacteria
Pseudomurein cell in walls if Archea
Binary Fission
A

Prokaryote

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4
Q 
Paired Chromosomes in nuclear membrane
Histones
Organelles
Polysaccharide cell walls
Mitotic Spindle
A

Eukaryote

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5
Q

avg size 0.2 um x 2-8 um
most bacteria are monomorphic
a few are pleomorphic

A

Prokaryotes

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6
Q

Cell Shapes

A

bacillus
coccus
spiral

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7
Q

Bacillus is shaped ?

A

rod-shaped

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8
Q

Coccus is shaped?

A

spherical

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9
Q

Spiral is shaped?

A

Spirillum, vibrio, spirochete

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10
Q

Unusual shaped bacteria

A

Star-shaped

Rectangular Shaped

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11
Q

Arrangments

A

Pairs, clusters, chains

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12
Q

Diplococci and diplobacili are what kind of arrangements?

A

pairs

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13
Q

Staphylococci is what kind of arrangement?

A

clusters

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14
Q

Steptococci and Streptobacili are what kind of arrangement?

A

chains

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15
Q

Glycocaylx and Flagella are a part of what domain’s structure?

A

Prokaryotes

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16
Q

The glycocaylx is outside the cell______ and is usually ________

A

wall, sticky

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17
Q

The ____________ of a glycocaylx is neatly organized, while the________ is unorganized and loose

A

capsule, slime layer

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18
Q

The _____________ of the glycocaylx allows attachment

A

extracellular polysaccharide

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19
Q

The capsules of glycocaylx’s prevent_______?

A

phagocytosis

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20
Q

where are flagella located?

A

outside the cell wall

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21
Q

Flagella chains are made of?

A

flagellin

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22
Q

Flagella are attached to a ?

A

protein hook

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23
Q

Flagella are anchored to the wall of the membrane by the ?

A

basal body

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24
Q

Flagella have proteins that are?

A

H antigens

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25
Q

________ cells move away or toward from stimuli (taxis)

A

motile cells

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26
Q

axial filaments are also called?

A

endoflagella

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27
Q

axial filaments are in ________ and anchored at the end of a ________

A

spirochetes,cell

28
Q

rotation of the axial filament causes it to?

A

move

29
Q

Fimbriae allow?

A

attachment

30
Q

Pili facilitate transfer of __________ from one cell to another

A

DNA

31
Q

Pili have _______ motility and _______ motility

A

Gliding, twitching

32
Q

The cell wall prevents __________

A

osmotic lysis

33
Q

Optional structures are also called

A

special structures

34
Q

Optional structures include

A 
fimbriae
cilia 
Pilus
flagella
Plasmids
35
Q

Non-optional structures

A 
glycocaylx
cell wall
cell membrane
nucleoid region
ribosomes
36
Q

Ribosomes are responsible for?

A

protein synthesis

37
Q

Cell wall of bacteria is made of?

A

peptidoglycan

38
Q

Peptidoglycan is Gram-Pos bacteria is linked by

A

polypeptides

39
Q

Gram-Positive Bacterial Cell Wall has no?

A

covering

40
Q

Gram-Negative cell walls have?

A

outer membrane

41
Q

Gram pos cell wall has?

A

Thick peptidoglycan

teichoic acids

42
Q

Gram neg cell wall has?

A

thin peptidoglycan
outer membrane
periplasmic space

43
Q

Crystal violet-iodine crystals form in a?

A

cell

44
Q

Gram Pos Stain

A

Alcohol dehydrates peptidoglycan

CV-I crystals do not leave

45
Q

Gram Neg Stain

A

Alcohol dissolves outer membrane and leaves holes in peptidoglycan
CV- washes out

46
Q 
Acid fast cell walls
like gram pos
waxy lipid (mycolic acid)
mycobacterium
nocardia
A

atypical cells

47
Q

Mycoplasmas and Archaea are?

A

atypical cells

48
Q

___________ lack cell walls and have sterols in plasma membrane

A

mycoplasmas

49
Q

_________ are wall-less or have walls of pseudomurien

A

archaea

50
Q

A ________ digests disaccharide in peptidoglycan

A

lysozyme

51
Q

________ inhibits peptide bridges in peptidoglycan

A

penicillin

52
Q

A wall-less cell?

A

Protoplast

53
Q

A wall-less gram positive cell?

A

Spheroplast

54
Q 
What cell structure has?
Phospholipid bilayer
peripheral proteins
integral proteins
transmembrane
Proteins
A

The plasma membrane

55
Q

The plasma membrane has?

A

Selective permeability
Enzymes for ATP production
Photosynthetic pigments

56
Q

Chromatophores and Thylakoids are?

A

photosynthetic proteins

57
Q

Movement of a solute from an area of high concentration to area of low concentration

A

simple diffusion

58
Q

Solute combines with a transporter protein in the membrane

A

Facilitated diffusion

59
Q

The movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration

A

osmosis

60
Q

the pressure that would be applied to a pure solvent to prevent it from passing into a given solution by osmosis

A

osmotic pressure

61
Q

________ transport requires a transporter protein and ATP

A

active

62
Q

_______ ________requires a transporter protein and PEP

A

Group Translocation

63
Q

The substance inside plasma membrane

A

cytoplasm

64
Q

bacterial chromosome is the?

A

nucleoid

65
Q 
what cell structure has?
resting cells
resistance to desiccation, heat, chemicals
Bacillus and Clostridium
Sporulation
Germination
A

endospore

66
Q

Endospore formation is called?

A

sporulation

67
Q

return to vegetative state is called?

A

germination

Microbiology (8 decks)

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