Cells and Cell Staining Chapters 3 & 4

Question 1

Prokaryote comes from Greek word for ?

Answer 1

prenucleus

Question 2

Eukaryote comes from Greek word for?

Answer 2

nucleus

Question 3

One circular chromosome
not in membrane
No histones
no organelles
Peptidoglycan in cell walls of Bacteria
Pseudomurein cell in walls if Archea
Binary Fission

Answer 3

Prokaryote

Question 4

Paired Chromosomes in nuclear membrane
Histones
Organelles
Polysaccharide cell walls
Mitotic Spindle

Answer 4

Eukaryote

Question 5

avg size 0.2 um x 2-8 um
most bacteria are monomorphic
a few are pleomorphic

Answer 5

Prokaryotes

Question 6

Cell Shapes

Answer 6

bacillus
coccus
spiral

Question 7

Bacillus is shaped ?

Answer 7

rod-shaped

Question 8

Coccus is shaped?

Answer 8

spherical

Question 9

Spiral is shaped?

Answer 9

Spirillum, vibrio, spirochete

Question 10

Unusual shaped bacteria

Answer 10

Star-shaped

Rectangular Shaped

Question 11

Arrangments

Answer 11

Pairs, clusters, chains

Question 12

Diplococci and diplobacili are what kind of arrangements?

Answer 12

pairs

Question 13

Staphylococci is what kind of arrangement?

Answer 13

clusters

Question 14

Steptococci and Streptobacili are what kind of arrangement?

Answer 14

chains

Question 15

Glycocaylx and Flagella are a part of what domain’s structure?

Answer 15

Prokaryotes

Question 16

The glycocaylx is outside the cell______ and is usually ________

Answer 16

wall, sticky

Question 17

The ____________ of a glycocaylx is neatly organized, while the________ is unorganized and loose

Answer 17

capsule, slime layer

Question 18

The _____________ of the glycocaylx allows attachment

Answer 18

extracellular polysaccharide

Question 19

The capsules of glycocaylx’s prevent_______?

Answer 19

phagocytosis

Question 20

where are flagella located?

Answer 20

outside the cell wall

Question 21

Flagella chains are made of?

Answer 21

flagellin

Question 22

Flagella are attached to a ?

Answer 22

protein hook

Question 23

Flagella are anchored to the wall of the membrane by the ?

Answer 23

basal body

Question 24

Flagella have proteins that are?

Answer 24

H antigens

Question 25

________ cells move away or toward from stimuli (taxis)

Answer 25

motile cells

Question 26

axial filaments are also called?

Answer 26

endoflagella

Question 27

axial filaments are in ________ and anchored at the end of a ________

Answer 27

spirochetes,cell

Question 28

rotation of the axial filament causes it to?

Answer 28

move

Question 29

Fimbriae allow?

Answer 29

attachment

Question 30

Pili facilitate transfer of __________ from one cell to another

Answer 30

DNA

Question 31

Pili have _______ motility and _______ motility

Answer 31

Gliding, twitching

Question 32

The cell wall prevents __________

Answer 32

osmotic lysis

Question 33

Optional structures are also called

Answer 33

special structures

Question 34

Optional structures include

Answer 34

``` fimbriae cilia Pilus flagella Plasmids ```

Question 35

Non-optional structures

Answer 35

``` glycocaylx cell wall cell membrane nucleoid region ribosomes ```

Question 36

Ribosomes are responsible for?

Answer 36

protein synthesis

Question 37

Cell wall of bacteria is made of?

Answer 37

peptidoglycan

Question 38

Peptidoglycan is Gram-Pos bacteria is linked by

Answer 38

polypeptides

Question 39

Gram-Positive Bacterial Cell Wall has no?

Answer 39

covering

Question 40

Gram-Negative cell walls have?

Answer 40

outer membrane

Question 41

Gram pos cell wall has?

Answer 41

Thick peptidoglycan | teichoic acids

Question 42

Gram neg cell wall has?

Answer 42

thin peptidoglycan outer membrane periplasmic space

Question 43

Crystal violet-iodine crystals form in a?

Answer 43

cell

Question 44

Gram Pos Stain

Answer 44

Alcohol dehydrates peptidoglycan | CV-I crystals do not leave

Question 45

Gram Neg Stain

Answer 45

Alcohol dissolves outer membrane and leaves holes in peptidoglycan CV- washes out

Question 46

``` Acid fast cell walls like gram pos waxy lipid (mycolic acid) mycobacterium nocardia ```

Answer 46

atypical cells

Question 47

Mycoplasmas and Archaea are?

Answer 47

atypical cells

Question 48

___________ lack cell walls and have sterols in plasma membrane

Answer 48

mycoplasmas

Question 49

_________ are wall-less or have walls of pseudomurien

Answer 49

archaea

Question 50

A ________ digests disaccharide in peptidoglycan

Answer 50

lysozyme

Question 51

________ inhibits peptide bridges in peptidoglycan

Answer 51

penicillin

Question 52

A wall-less cell?

Answer 52

Protoplast

Question 53

A wall-less gram positive cell?

Answer 53

Spheroplast

Question 54

``` What cell structure has? Phospholipid bilayer peripheral proteins integral proteins transmembrane Proteins ```

Answer 54

The plasma membrane

Question 55

The plasma membrane has?

Answer 55

Selective permeability Enzymes for ATP production Photosynthetic pigments

Question 56

Chromatophores and Thylakoids are?

Answer 56

photosynthetic proteins

Question 57

Movement of a solute from an area of high concentration to area of low concentration

Answer 57

simple diffusion

Question 58

Solute combines with a transporter protein in the membrane

Answer 58

Facilitated diffusion

Question 59

The movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration

Answer 59

osmosis

Question 60

the pressure that would be applied to a pure solvent to prevent it from passing into a given solution by osmosis

Answer 60

osmotic pressure

Question 61

________ transport requires a transporter protein and ATP

Answer 61

active

Question 62

_______ ________requires a transporter protein and PEP

Answer 62

Group Translocation

Question 63

The substance inside plasma membrane

Answer 63

cytoplasm

Question 64

bacterial chromosome is the?

Answer 64

nucleoid

Question 65

``` what cell structure has? resting cells resistance to desiccation, heat, chemicals Bacillus and Clostridium Sporulation Germination ```

Answer 65

endospore

Question 66

Endospore formation is called?

Answer 66

sporulation

Question 67

return to vegetative state is called?

Answer 67

germination