Chapter 2 - basics Flashcards
What are the basic chem formulas
atomic mass = protons + neutrons 1 amu = 1/12 mass of C-12 nucleus #neutrons = atomic weight - atomic number
what are the different chemical bonds
covalent bonds (sharing of e- pairs)
Ionic- attraction of opposite (sodium chloride - table salt)
Hydrogen - sharing of H atoms with electronegative atom
Hydrophobic interaction - forcing of hydrophobic portions of molecules together in the presence of polar substances
Van der waals attraction: weak attraction between atoms due to oppositley charged polarized e clouds (ex- hydrogen bonds, dispersion forces)
what are the properties of water
cohesion, surface tension, adhesion, capillary action, high specific heat, high heat of vaporization, and its a universal solvent, organizes non polar molecules
cohesion
h20 molecules stick to other h20 molecules
surface tension
h20 molecules being cohesive and allows spider to not break surface on water
Adhesion
h20 molecules stick to other H20 molecules
capillary action
H20 molecules stick to the polar molecules of the glass tube more and stronger than theyll stick to each other (narrow tube = h20 molecules more likely to stick to the glass whereas in a wider tube itll stick to other h20 molecules)
what do both cohesive and adhesive properties allow in plants
they allow water to move from the roots of the plants to the leaves
in what direction does water move
up to high
what does it mean for H20 to have a high specific heat
a large amount of heat (energy) is needed to raise the temperature of water
what does it mean for H20 to have a high heat of vaporization
a lot of heat/energy is necessary to turn liquid water into vapor and allows living things to release excess body heat via sweating
what does it mean for H20 to be a universal solvent
dissolves polar molecules and ions
how does H20 organize non polar molecules
hydrophobic molecules vs hydrophilic
Acidosis
when the blood PH is too acidic due to the higher concentration of H+ molecules. Causes the the blood pH to reach levels below 7.5
hydrophobic exclusions
when hydrophobic molecules (oil or fat) exclude themselves from h20 by staying together
what can h20 form
h20 can form ions
what does it mean for h2o to form ions
when h20 is broken apart into OH and H ions the quantities of their solutions can mean different things
if there is a higher H+ than OH- content, what is the solution
it becomes an acidic solution (lower than 7)
if the amount of OH and H ions are equal what is the solution
it is neutral
if the amount of H ions are lower than the amount of OH molecules what is the solution
basic (higher than 7)
what are buffers
is a substance that minimizes changes in pH
how do buffers act
they act by donating H+ ions when the solution becomes too basic and accepting H+ ions when it becomes too acidic
how do we correct acidosis
by adding a bicarbonate ion to take away the H ions
what is the result of acidosis
hypoventilation, pneumonia, and emphysema
