Chapter 2 ~ Basic Components Of Living Systems Flashcards
What does cell theory state?
Both animals and plant tissues are composed of cells
Cells are the basic unit of life
Cells only developed from existing cells
Explain what light microscope are
They use light to magnify objects. They have two lenses and objective lens which is near the specimen this magnifies the sample and the eyepiece lens where the specimen is viewed from which further magnifies.X
What night microscopes used to view?
Whole cell or tissues as well as living cells
Explain electron microscopes
They use a beam of electrons
They have more detail on cell ultra structure
What is the two types of electron microscope?
Transmission electron microscope
Scanning electron microscope
Explain transmission electron microscope
Visualises individual organ using electron magnets to focus a beam of electrons at sample
Explain scanning electron microscope
It produces 3-D images of cells and organelles. It is done by emitting the beam of electrons towards the sample electrons which is used to build a image
Which one has higher resolution?
Transmission electron microscope
Which one has higher resolution?
Transmission electron microscope
Steps for calibration
- Place the stage micrometre on the stage and focused the lens so that you can clearly see the divisions.
- align the eyepiece graticule with the stage micrometre
- Each division of the stage micrometre is 0.1mm
- The gratitude is divided by a scale from 0 to 100
- Take away the stage micrometre and add the sample using the IPP gratitude to measure its size
What is the formula for magnification?
Size of image divided by size of object
What is the definition for magnification?
How many times larger the images than the actual size of the object being viewed
What is the definition of resolution and what type of microscope has a higher resolution?
Resolution is the ability to see individual objects as separate entities
Like microscopes have a much lower resolution so produce less detailed images
What are the four methods of preparing sample?
Dry mount
Wet mount
Squash slide
Smear slide
Explain dry mount
Solid specimens of viewed whole or cut into thin
And then the specimen is plates on the centre of a slide with a cover slip above
Explain wet mount
A specimen is put into the liquid and a cover slip is placed at an angle
Explain wet mount
A specimen is put into the liquid and a cover slip is placed at an angle
Explain squash slide
A wet mount is prepared and the lens tissue is pressed down a cover slip is placed and the sample is squashed between two microscope slides
Explain smear slide
The edge of a slide is used to smear a sample and into a thin and even coating and then a cover slip is placed over the sample
What is differential staining?
Which distinguishes between two types of organisms?
What does crystal violet and methylene blue do?
They stain cell components
What does Negro sin and conga red do?p
They stain the outside of a cell making the organelle stand out
What are eukaryotic cells?
Animal and plant cells
What are eukaryotic cells?
Animal and plant cells
Nucleus
Controls metabolic activity
Contains DNA, which controls the activities of cell
I
Nucleolus
Site of ribosome production
Nuclear envelope
It is a double membrane which surrounds the nucleus containing pores which allows small small molecules to pass into the cytoplasm
The rough endoplasmic reticulum
It is a series of flat sacs enclosed by a membrane with ribosomes on the surface
It folds and process proteins made on the ribosomes
It contains ribosomes on the cisternae
It is a synthesis and transport of proteins
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
It is the system of membrane bound sacks
Produces and processes, lipids
Synthesis of lipids and carbohydrates
Also used as storage
Golgi apparatus
It is a fluid filled and flattened curve sacks with vehicles around the edges
Processes and packages, proteins and lipid lipids and produces lysosomes
Ribosomes
Ribosomes are made up of two substance units of proteins and rRNA
It is the side of protein synthesis
Where are 80 S ribosomes found
Eukaryotic cells
Where are 70 S ribosomes found
Mitochondria and prokaryotic cells and chloroplast
Mitochondria
Oval shaped bound by a double membrane called envelope
In a membrane is folded by Cristae with the matrix on the inside containing enzymes needed for respiration
Is used for respiration ATP production
Lysosomes
Vehicle containing digestive enzymes bounded by a single membrane
It is hydrolytic enzymes which breaks down waste products
Chloroplast
Double membrane containing thykloids
These are arranged into sacs to form grana linked by lamellae
Plasma membrane
Phospholipid bilayer which contains cholesterol to regulate membrane fluidity it contains all cell contents and holds the cell together and controls the movement of substances into an out of cells
Centrioles
Hello, cylinders containing micro tubes
Come compares to form central zones
Involved in production of spindle, fibre and organisation of chromosomes during cell division
Cell wall
Provides support to cells
What is the cell wall made up of in plants fungi and prokaryotes?
Implants it is made up of cellulose
In fungi is made of chitin
In prokaryotes it is made up a muriene
Lala
Is a tail like structure made up of bundles of micro tubes which contract to make it move the self forward?
Mobility
Celia
Hair like projectors which are either stationary or mobile is found on the epithelial cells lining the trachea and moved to mucus into the windpipe
vacuole
Membrane line sac in cytoplasm containing cells
What are the importance of cytoskeleton?
It provides mechanical support
Enable cell transport
Cell movement
Similarities and differences of prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Prokaryotes have no membrane bound organelles
Prokaryotes have DNA in single circular chromosomes in the form of plasmids
Prokaryotes have 70 S ribosomes and eukaryotes have 80s ribosomes
You carryout are made up of cellulose and chintin where is bacterial cells are made up of miriene
Prokaryote a smaller
