Chapter 11 ~ Biodiversty Flashcards
What is biodiversity?
It refers to the variety of living organisms within an area
What are the three different types of biodiversity
Habitat species and genetic
Explain habitat diversity
Number of different habitats within an area
Create a habitat diversity leads to
Great species by diversity
Give some examples of habitat bio diversity
Sand dunes, Woodlands Meadows and streams
What is species biodiversity?
It is the variety of species living within an area
How is species diversity broken down into?
Species evenness and species richness
Explains species richness
Number of different species living in a particular area
Explain species even less
Comparison of the number of individuals of each species living in a community
Explain genetic diversity
The variety of jeans which make up a species
What are the two methods of sampling?
Random sampling and non-random sampling
What is random sampling?
Selecting individuals by chance it can be done by our computer or just random tables
Explain non-random sampling
It is not random and it is broken down into three techniques opportunistic stratified and systematic
Explain opportunistic sampling
Uses organisms which are available
Explains stratified sampling
Populations are divided into a number of strata which is based on a particular characteristic and then a random sample taken from each of these strata proportional to its size
Explains systematic sampling
Areas within an overall habitat is identified. They are then samples separately using a line transact of belt transact
What are the 4 ways of sampling animals?
Pooter
Sweet nets
Pitfall traps
Explain how to use a pooter
You suck on a mouthpiece with where insects are drawn into the holding chamber by the inlet tube it is used to catch small insects
Explain how to use sweeping nets
You catch insects in areas of long grass
Explain how to use a pit full trap
You catch more insects like spiders and slugs are hole is dug in the ground where insects fall into
How do you sample. Plants and what are the two types?
Quadrats
Point quadrat and frame quadrat
Explain point quadrat
A frame has a horizontal bar which intervals along the bar long pins are pushed through the bar which reached the ground. Each species of the plant in the pin touches is
Frame quadrat
Square frame is divided into a grade of equal section type a number of species within each section of record
Frame quadrat is used to sample the population of plants living in a habitat and it’s done by
Density
Frequency
Percentage cover
How do you calculate bod diversity?
Using the Simpsons index of diversity
What are factors which affect genetic pay diversity?
Mutations which can create a new allele
Interbreeding
Selective reading
Natural selection
What is the formula for the proportion of polymorphic gene loci
Number of polymorphic gene Lokai divided by the total number of Loki
If the polymorphic gene locate is greater than the genetic diversity is
Greater
What are the three main factors which affect by a diversity?
Human population growth
Agriculture
And climate change
Also deforestation
What are the reasons for maintaining bod diversity?
Aesthetic
Economic and ecological
What are the aesthetic reasons?
To protect landscapes
Economic reasons
To reduce soil depletion
What are the ecological reasons?
To protect the keystone species and maintain genetic resource
What are the two main categories? Scientist tried to maintain bod diversity conservation?
in situ conservation
Ex situ conservation
What is in situ conservation?
It takes place within an organisms natural habitat it maintains a genetic diversity and maintains evolutionary adaptations which enable a species to adapt continuously to changing environmental conditions
Examples include wildlife reserves and marine conservation sounds
What is ex situ conservation?
Removal of organisms from their natural habitat
Examples include botanic gardens seed banks in captive breeding programs
What is CITES agreement?
Agreement between countries to regulate the trade in threaten species agreement makes it illegal to kill or trade endangered species
What is the CBD agreement?
Also known as the Rio convention on biological diversity
Is the international pact to share responsibility for conserving biodiversity? It aims to develop strategies and guidance to government to use the resources sustainable
What is the county stewardship scheme? Also also known as CSS?
Protect wild areas and it pays landowners to implement techniques such as growing hedge grows to increase by diversity
