Chapter 2 and Chapter 3

Question 1

self-concept

Answer 1

the relatively stable set of perceptions you hold of yourself; emotional states, talents, likes, dislikes, values, roles etc; our most fundamental possession; impossible to relate to the world without this

Question 2

self-esteem

Answer 2

involves evaluations of self-worth; how one views themselves; does have benefits but doesn’t guarantee interpersonal success.

Question 3

personality

Answer 3

characteristic ways that you think and behave across a variety of situations; tends to be stable throughout your life; to a large degree, a part of our genetic makeup

Question 4

reflected appraisal

Answer 4

the fact that each of us develops a self-concept that reflects the way we believe others see us. We are likely to eel less valuable, lovable, and capable to the degree that others have communicated ego busting signals; and we will probably feel good about ourselves to the degree that others affirm our value; principle by Charles Cooley

Question 5

significant others

Answer 5

people whose opinions we especially value

Question 6

social comparison

Answer 6

evaluating ourselves in terms of how we compare with others - inferior or superior

Question 7

stereotyping

Answer 7

exaggerated generalizations associated with a categorizing system; may be based on a kernel of truth, but they go beyond the facts at hand and make claims that usually have no valid basis.

Question 8

punctuation

Answer 8

the determination of causes and effects in a series of interactions; the process of organizing a group of messages into meanings

Question 9

ethnocentrism

Answer 9

the attitude that one’s own culture is superior to others

Question 10

attribution

Answer 10

the process of attaching meaning to behavior

Question 11

halo effect

Answer 11

the tendency to form an overall positive impression of a person on the basis of one positive characteristic.

Question 12

elements of perception checking

Answer 12

1. a description of the behavior you noticed
2. at least two possible interpretations of the behavior
3. a request for clarification about how to interpret the behavior.

Question 13

empathy

Answer 13

the ability to re-create another person’s perspective, to experience the world from the other’s point of view; involves perception taking, an emotional dimension, and genuine concern

Question 14

cognitive complexity

Answer 14

the ability to construct a variety of frameworks for viewing an issue

Question 15

identity management

Answer 15

the communication strategies that people use to influence how others view them

Question 16

perceived self

Answer 16

a reflection of the self-concept; the person you believe yourself to be in moments of honest self-examination; Private, because unlikely to reveal all of it to another person

Question 17

presenting self

Answer 17

is a public image - the way we want others to view us; sometimes referred to “face”; we want this to be a socially approved image

Question 18

cognitive conservatism

Answer 18

resistance to change; the tendency to seek and attend to information that conforms to an existing self-concept

Question 19

reference groups

Answer 19

groups against which we compare ourselves; play an important role in shaping our view of ourselves

Question 20

self-fulfilling prophecy

Answer 20

occurs when a person’s expectation of an event, and his or her subsequent behavior based on those expectations, make the event more likely to occur than would otherwise have been true; has four stages

Question 21

1. Holding an expectation (for yourself or others)
2. Behaving in accordance with that expectation
3. The expectation coming to pass
4. Reinforcing the original expectation

Answer 21

What are the four stages of the self-fulfilling prophecy?