Chapter 2 Flashcards
Socialization
Learning from parents and others what is desirable and undesirable conduct in particular culture.
Automatic processes
Human thoughts/actions that occur quickly, often w/o aid of conscious awareness.
Controlled process
Human thoughts/actions that occur more slowly and deliberately and are motivated by some goal that is consciously recognized.
Hedonism
Human preference for pleasure over pain
Hierarchy of Goals
Idea that goals are organized hierarchically from very abstract goals to ver concrete goals, latter serving the former.
Two fundamental psychology motives:
Security and Growth
Cognitive Appraisal theory
Idea that our subjective experience of emotions is determined by a two-step process involving a primary appraisal of benefit or harm, and secondary appraisal providing more differentiated emotional experience.
Emotion Differentiation
Skill of recognizing fine-grained distinctions between different emotions.
Culture
Set of beliefs, attitudes, values, morals, norms, customs, roles, statuses, symbols and rituals shared by self-identified group.
Cultural evolution
Process whereby cultures develop and propagate according to systems of belief or behaviour that contributes to success of society
Cultural diffusion
Transfer of inventions, knowledge, and ideas from one culture to another
Cultural transmission
Process whereby members of a culture learn explicitly or implicitly to imitate the beliefs and behaviours of others in that culture.
Collectivistic culture
Culture in which emphasis is on interdependence, cooperation, and the welfare of the group over that of the individual.
Individualistic culture
Culture in which emphasis is on individual initiative, achievement and creativity over maintenance of social cohesion.
Interdependent self-construal
Viewing self primarily in terms of how one related to others and contributes to the greater whole.