Chapter 10 Flashcards
Prejudice
Negative attitude toward an individual based solely on that person’s presumed membership in a particular group, without consideration of the unique individual, group variability or potential for violence against the innocent.
Stereotypes
Overgeneralized beliefs about traits and attributes of members of a particular group.
Discrimination
Negative behaviour toward an individual based solely on that person’s presumed membership in a particular group.
Realistic group conflict theory
Theory which asserts that the initial negative feelings between groups are often based on real conflict or competition regarding scarce resources.
Scapegoating
Phenomenon whereby ppl who feel inferior, guilty, anxious or unsuccessful blame an outgroup for their troubles.
Ethnocentrism
Viewing the world through our own cultural value system and thereby judging actions and ppl based on our own views of right/wrong, good/bad.
Gordon Allport’s 3 basic causes of prejudice:
- Hostility plus categorization (feel hostility when frustrated/threatened)
- ingroup bias (prefer what is familiar)
- threats to ones worldview (ethnocentric biases are more severe when another worldview threatens our own).
(RWA) Right-Wing Authoritarianism
Ideology that the social world is inherently dangerous and that maintaining security requires upholding society’s order and tradition. It predicts prejudice against groups seen as socially deviant or dangerous.
Social dominance orientation
Belief that some ppl/groups are better than others, so society should be structured hierarchically, with some groups having higher status than others.
Ambivalent racism
Influence on White Americans’ racial attitudes by two clashing sets of values: belief in individualism and belief in egalitarianism.
Aversive racism
Racism that surfaces in subtle ways when it’s safe, socially acceptable and easy to rationalize.
Implicit prejudice
Negative attitudes or affective reactions associated with an outgroup, for which the individual has little or no conscious awareness and which can be automatically activated in intergroup encounters.
Kernel of Truth Hypothesis
Some stereotypes may be based on actual differences in average traits/behaviours associated w two or more groups.
Social Role Theory
Roles and behaviours that societal pressures may impose on a particular group.
Illusory correlation
Faulty perception whereby ppl think two things are related when they are not.
Justification Suppression Model
Idea that ppl endorse and freely express stereotypes in part to justify their own negative affective reactions to outgroup members.
Dehumanization
Tendency to hold stereotypical views of outgroup members as animals rather than humans.
Infra humanization
Perception that outgroup members lack qualities viewed as unique to humans (language, intelligence, complex social emotions).
Outgroup homogeneity
Tendency to view individuals in outgroups as more similar to each other than they really are.
