Chapter 2 Flashcards
Muscles can be named due to:
visual appearance, location, function, shape, size etc
2 major types of fiber arrangements:
Parallel: parallel to length of muscle
Pennate: shorter fibers
5 categories of parallel fiber arrangements:
Flat: flat and thin ex. rectus abdominus
Fusiform: spindle shaped ex. brachialis
Strap: long parallel ex. sartorius
Radiate: fan shaped ex. pectoralis major
Sphincter/ Circular: strap muscles ex. oris surrounding mouth
3 categories of pennate:
Unipennate: only one side of tendon. ex bicep femoris
Bipennate: run along both sides of tendon ex. rectus femoris
Multipennate: several tendons ex. deltoid
4 properties of a muscle:
irritability- sensitive
contractility- ability to contract
extensibility
elasticity -
Intrinsic vs. extrinsic muscles
Small muscles found in mostly hands and feet.
Extrinsic- proximal body part upon which they act ex. forearm
Innervation
segment of nervous system that stimulates specific muscle
Origin
proximal attachment of muscle
Insertion
distal attachment, the most moveable
Isometric contraction
tension developed within muscle. Contracts but length not affected
Isotonic
develop tension to cause or control joint movement
concentric- shortening
eccentric-lengthening
Agonist muscles
primary movers, or muscles involved
Antagonist muscles
located opposite side of joint from agonist
What are the 5 levels of control in CNS?
cerberal cortex basal ganglia cerebellum brain stem spinal cord
Cerebral cortex
voluntary movement