Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Muscles can be named due to:

A

visual appearance, location, function, shape, size etc

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2
Q

2 major types of fiber arrangements:

A

Parallel: parallel to length of muscle
Pennate: shorter fibers

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3
Q

5 categories of parallel fiber arrangements:

A

Flat: flat and thin ex. rectus abdominus
Fusiform: spindle shaped ex. brachialis
Strap: long parallel ex. sartorius
Radiate: fan shaped ex. pectoralis major
Sphincter/ Circular: strap muscles ex. oris surrounding mouth

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4
Q

3 categories of pennate:

A

Unipennate: only one side of tendon. ex bicep femoris
Bipennate: run along both sides of tendon ex. rectus femoris
Multipennate: several tendons ex. deltoid

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5
Q

4 properties of a muscle:

A

irritability- sensitive
contractility- ability to contract
extensibility
elasticity -

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6
Q

Intrinsic vs. extrinsic muscles

A

Small muscles found in mostly hands and feet.

Extrinsic- proximal body part upon which they act ex. forearm

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7
Q

Innervation

A

segment of nervous system that stimulates specific muscle

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8
Q

Origin

A

proximal attachment of muscle

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9
Q

Insertion

A

distal attachment, the most moveable

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10
Q

Isometric contraction

A

tension developed within muscle. Contracts but length not affected

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11
Q

Isotonic

A

develop tension to cause or control joint movement
concentric- shortening
eccentric-lengthening

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12
Q

Agonist muscles

A

primary movers, or muscles involved

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13
Q

Antagonist muscles

A

located opposite side of joint from agonist

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14
Q

What are the 5 levels of control in CNS?

A
cerberal cortex 
basal ganglia 
cerebellum
brain stem 
spinal cord
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15
Q

Cerebral cortex

A

voluntary movement

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16
Q

Basal ganglia

A

posture and equilibrium. controls learned movements

17
Q

Cerebullum

A

sensory impulses

18
Q

Brain stem

A

activity through excitation and inhibition through neuro functions.

19
Q

Spinal cord

A

pathway through CNS and PNS

20
Q

Which cranial nerves are sensory

A

1, 2, 8

21
Q

Which are cranial nerves are motor?

A

3, 4, 6, 11, 12

22
Q

Which are motor and sensory?

A

5, 7, 9, 10

23
Q

Accessory nerve 11 is for?

A

for shoulder shrugging and head movement. the jaw muscle and trap.

24
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

A

31 pairs

25
Q

How many are in each coulmn?

A
8 cervical 
12 thoracic 
5 lumbar 
5 sacral 
1 coccygeal
26
Q

Dermatome

A

area of skin supplied by specific spinal nerve

27
Q

Myotome

A

area of skin supplied by specific spinal nerve

28
Q

Proprioceptors specific to muscles

A

muscle spindles and golgi tendon organs -found at tendon junction

29
Q

Proprioceptors specific to joints and skin

A

meissners, ruffini’s, pacinian and krause

30
Q

How does GTO work?

A

Stretch threshold reached, impulse sent to CNS, muscle relaxes, facilitates activation

31
Q

Active insufficiency

A

reached when muscle is shortened that can not generate or main tension

32
Q

Passively insufficiency

A

reached when opposing muscle becomes stretched to pint where it cane lengthen

33
Q

At what position generates the most tension?

A

At resting position or lengthened position