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History 121 > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Highly populated concentration of economics, religious, and political power. The first cities appeared in river basins, which could produce a surplus of agriculture. The abundance of food freed most city inhabitants from the need to produce their own food, which allowed them to work in specialized professions.

A

City

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2
Q

Political organization based on the authority of a single, large city that controls outlying territories.

A

City-state

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3
Q

Area drained by a river, including all its tributaries. River basins were rich in fertile soil, water for irrigation, and plant and animal life, which made them attractive for human habilitation. Cultivators were able to produce surplus agriculture to support the first cities.

A

River basin

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4
Q

Those who wield writing tools; from the very beginning they were at the top of the social ladder, under the major power brokers.

A

Scribes

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5
Q

Distinctions between the privileged and the less privileged

A

Social hierarchies

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6
Q

Political forum the cities of Mesopotamia, which was overwhelmed by the displacement of nomadic peoples. The states for kingdoms organized around charismatic rulers who had a large each had a defined physical border.

A

Territorial state

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7
Q

Division between those living in cities in those living in rural areas. One of histories most durable worldwide distinctions, urban rural divide eventually and encompassed the globe. We’re cities arose, communities adopted lifestyles based on the mass production of goods and on specialized labor. Those living in the countryside remained close to nature, cultivating the land or attending livestock. They diversified their labor and exchange the grains and animal products for necessities available and urban centers.

A

Urban rural divide

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8
Q

Alloy of copper and tin brought into Europe from Anatolia; used to make hard-edged weapons.

A

Bronze

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9
Q

Who were the first to build cities?

A

Sumerians

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10
Q

Where was the first city built?

A

Mesopotamia

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11
Q

What are the advantages of living near water or on river basins?

A

Water for drinking, water for irrigation of crops, water for travel, and for food resources.

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12
Q

What replaced stone as a tool?

A

Bronze

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13
Q

Who spread ideas and traded metals?

A

Nomads

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14
Q

Large step side buildings used as temples

A

Ziggurats

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15
Q

What was the first poem of the scribes?

A

The epic of Gilgamesh

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16
Q

Who were considered the Kings after the priest were taken from the throne?

A

Lugals

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17
Q

What three cities was the first Ziggarat in the middle of?

A

Uruk
Eridu
Nippur

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18
Q

Where is Mesopotamia located?

A

Iraq

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19
Q

These people were experts in control and water in the irrigation

A

Sumerians

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20
Q

Cities depended on this

A

Specialized labor

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21
Q

Country folks depended on this

A

Hunting and gathering and trading crops

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22
Q

The first metal used

A

Copper

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23
Q

What did wealthiest cities of the Samaritans compete for?

A

The Hitterlands?

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24
Q

What ended the samaritans?

A

Civil War

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25
Q

Who prevailed over the samaritans and created the first territorial State and turned into his empire?

A

Sargon the Great

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26
Q

Who eventually ruled Mesopotamia after Sargon the Great?

A

Amerites

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27
Q

What Rivers was Mesopotamia between?

A

Tigers and Euphrates

28
Q

Egyptians lived by what river?

A

The Nile River

29
Q

Egyptians measured their cities in what? And they could develop into what?

A

Dynasties

Kingdoms

30
Q

In the old Kingdom who was the absolute monarch?

A

Pharaohs

31
Q

What did pharaohs claim to be?

A

Gods in human form

32
Q

Pharaohs had these built I was there tombs

A

Pyramids

33
Q

The Egyptians follow what kind of religion?

A

Ma’at

34
Q

Term used in ancient Egypt to referred to stability order, the achievement of which was the primary task of Egypt’s ruling Kings, the pharaohs

A

Ma’at

35
Q

Who believed that once you died, you were taken to the underworld and put in a birds body?

A

Samaritans

36
Q

Who is supposedly the scorpion King?

A

Mencius

37
Q

Egyptians had these two types of writing

A

Hieroglyphics and demotic

38
Q

Egyptian writing used for every day things such as banknotes.

A

Demotic

39
Q

Egyptian writing used for important documents and religious documents.

A

Hieroglyphics

40
Q

Egypt I had a Civil War due to what

A

Raised taxes that led to starvation citizens

41
Q

What civilizations language is still unknown to us to this day

A

Indus Valley civilization

42
Q

First to grow cotton, wove it into clothing, and trad it

A

Indus Valley civilization

43
Q

Because of the Indus Valley civilizations city structure believing to be preplanned, scientist believed that the Indus had this.

A

A strong central government

44
Q

What led to the downfall of the Indus civilization

A

Climate

45
Q

The first Chinese civilization was located between what Rivers?

A

Yellow and Yangzi rivers

46
Q

The Chinese civilization had what two cultures

A

Yangshou and Longshan

47
Q

What was the first dynasty in China

A

Shae Dynasty

48
Q

Because this civilization was isolated from trade, their development was slow

A

China

49
Q

This part of China’s culture used the slash and burn method of farming, had a brutal life, and beautiful painted pottery

A

Yangshao Culture

50
Q

This part of China’s culture practiced permanent settlement and painted plain black pottery.

A

Longshan Culture

51
Q

The first Europeans lived here

A

Europe, Aegean, and Anatolia

52
Q

The Europeans lived it what kind of lifestyle

A

Warrior

53
Q

What did the Europeans do on your free time?

A

Fight, mind, and build megaliths.

54
Q

Literally, great stone. The word is used when describing structures such as Stonehenge. These massive structures of the result of planning and work.

A

Megaliths

55
Q

What was practiced in the Americas?

A

Maize farming

56
Q

What did the civilizations in Sub-Saharan Africa use as crops?

A

Millet and sorghum

57
Q

People living among the Tigris and Euphrates river control flood waters and refine irrigation techniques

A

Mesopotamia

58
Q

Establish the world’s first large cities, featuring powerful rulers, social heresies, and monumental architecture.

A

Mesopotamia

59
Q

Birthplace of writing.

A

Mesopotamia

60
Q

Peoples year use Nile River waters to irrigate their lands and create a bountiful agriculture

A

Egypt

61
Q

Rollers here known as pharaohs to unify their territory, establish a powerful state, and develop a vibrant economy.

A

Egypt Egypt

62
Q

These people don’t magnificent burial chambers and worship A pantheon of gods

A

Egypt

63
Q

South Asian people’s harnessed the Indus River and created cities like Harappa and Mohenjo Daro

A

Indus Valley

64
Q

Peoples dwelling in the basin of the yellow river the Yangzi river control the water and expand agriculture.

A

East Asia

65
Q

These people develop elaborate cultures, which scholars later label Yongshao and Longshan, respectively.

A

East Asia

History 121 (13 decks)

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