Chapter 2 Flashcards
pangenesis
idea that particles throughout the body can be influenced by the activities of an organism…modify the sex cells in a way that acquired characteristics can be passed on to the next generation. discredited
Gregor Mendel
pea plant experiment,
true-breeding
showing the same traits without exception over many generations
hybrids
individuals that are the result of a cross breeding between 2 different kinds of parents
dominant
the trait that is seen in the hybrid
recessive
the trait that is not seen
segregation
(in the formation of sex cells) the process in which paired hereditary factors separate, forming sex cells that contain either one or the other factor
back cross
the process of crossing a hybrid with its homozygous recessive parent
independent assortment
Mendelian principle, states that differing traits are inherited independently of each other
phenotype
the observable and measurable characteristics of an organism
trait
one aspect of the phenotype
genotype
the genetic constitution of an individual
monozyqotic twins
identical twins: derived from a single zygote
zygote
fertilized ovum
dizygotic twins
fraternal twins
genes
sections of the genetic material that have specific functions
alleles
alternative forms of a gene
homozygous
having two like alleles of a particular gene:
homozygous dominant when the allele is dominant
homozygous recessive when gene is recessive
homozygous dominant
two dominant alleles of the same gene
homozygous recessive
two recessive alleles of the same gene
phenylthiocarbamide
artificially created substance whose main use is in detecting the ability to taste it; relates to inherited dominance
heterozygous
having two different alleles of a particular gene