Chapter 11

Question 1

fossil

Answer 1

remains or traces of an ancient organism preserved in the ground

Question 2

taphonomy

Answer 2

the study of the process of burial, decay and fossilization

Question 3

mold

Answer 3

a cavity left in firm sediments by the decayed body of an organism

Question 4

cast

Answer 4

a representation of an organism created when a substance fills in a mold

Question 5

sedimentation

Answer 5

the accumulation of geological or organic material deposited by air, water, or ice.

Question 6

preservation potential

Answer 6

the probability of a bone being preserved after death

Question 7

hydraulic behavior

Answer 7

the transport and dispersal of bones in water

Question 8

paleontology

Answer 8

the study of fossils

Question 9

paleoanthropology

Answer 9

scientific study of fossils and artifacts and the context in which they are found

Question 10

paleopathology

Answer 10

the study of injuries and disease in prehistoric populations

Question 11

typological viewpoint

Answer 11

the viewpoint that basic variation of a type is illusory and that only fixed ideal types are real; two fossils that differ fro each other in certain respects represent two types and hence, are two different species

Question 12

population viewpoint

Answer 12

the viewpoint that only individuals have reality and that the type is illusory; since no two individuals are alike, variation underlies all existence