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Chem 105 > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Dalton’s atomic theory?

A
  1. matter is composed of extremely small particles
  2. an element consist of only one type of atom
  3. atoms of one element differ from atoms of another element
  4. a compound consists of atoms of two or more elements in a small whole number ratio
  5. atoms are neither created or destroyed
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2
Q

What do the postulates of Dalton’s atomic theory explain?

A
  1. the law of definite and multiple proportions
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3
Q

What is the law of definite and multiple proportions?

A
  1. all samples of a pure compound contain the same elements in the same proportion by mass
  2. when two elements react to form more than one compound a fixed mass of one element will react with masses of the other element in ratio of small, whole numbers
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4
Q

What did Thomson’s idea lead to?

A

the election and the idea of a subatomic particles

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5
Q

What did milikan discover by using the charge to mass ratio?

A

the mass

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6
Q

Who made the plum pudding model?

A

Thomson

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7
Q

Who made the saturn- like model

A

Nagaoke

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8
Q

What did Rutherford discover and what model did he create?

A

He discovered protons, nucleus, nuetrons, and the nuclear model

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9
Q

What experiment did Thomson do?

A

The cathode ray tube

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10
Q

What experiment did Milikan do?

A

Oil drop experiment

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11
Q

What experiment did Rutherford do?

A

The alpha particles

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12
Q

What are the three subatomic parts of an atom?

A

proton, neutron, electron

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13
Q

What is an isotope?

A

an atom that different masses that are chemically indistinguishable from its element

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14
Q

how do isotopes differ?

A

Because of their different amounts of neutrons

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15
Q

What do cations do with electrons?

A

lose

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16
Q

what do anions do with electrons?

A

gain

17
Q

What is atomic mass of an element?

A

single atom approaching equal to its mass number

18
Q

what is average atomic mass

A

not a whole number

19
Q

How do you calculate the average mass?

A

(fractional isotopic percentage)x (isotopic mass)

20
Q

What is the molecular formula?

A

the representation of a molecule that uses chemical symbols to indicate the types of atoms followed by subscriptions to show number of atoms of each type in a molecule

21
Q

What is the empirical formula?

A

it indicates the types of atoms present and the in the simplest form

22
Q

What are isomers?

A

compounds with the same chemical formula but different molecular structure

23
Q

What is the structural formula?

A

it gives same information as its moleculare formula but also shows how the atoms are connected in the molecule

Chem 105 (22 decks)

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