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Chem 105 > 4.5-4.9 Reading > Flashcards

4.5-4.9 Reading Flashcards

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1
Q

What do oxides of sulfur, nitrogen, or other nonmetals produce when they dissolve in water?

A

hydrogen ions

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2
Q

T or F: Binary Acids dissolve in water

A

True

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3
Q

What are proton donors?

A

Acids

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4
Q

What are proton acceptors?

A

Bases

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5
Q

What are the three ways you can refer to H30+?

A

Hydrogen ion, proton, and hydronium

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6
Q

What is a salt?

A

The product of a neutralization reaction, it is made of the cation of the base and the anion of the acid

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7
Q

What is the balanced equation describing a reaction in a solution in which the reactants and products are written as undissociated molecules?

A

molecular equation

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8
Q

What is hydrolysis?

A

the reaction of water with any other material that results in the production of acids with nonmetal oxides

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9
Q

What is the overall ionic equation?

A

a balanced equation that states all the species, both ionic and molecular, present in a reaction occurring in an aqueous state

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10
Q

What is the net ionic equation?

A

a balanced equation that describes the actual reaction taking place in the aqueous solution

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11
Q

What are spectator ions?

A

Ions that unchanged by the reaction

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12
Q

What acids are considered atmospheric pollutants?

A

H2SO3, H2SO4, HNO2, HNO3, H2CO3

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13
Q

What acids are considered strong?

A

HCl, HBr, HI< HNO3, H2SO4, HClO4

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14
Q

What is a monoprotic acid?

A

It donates one proton

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15
Q

What is a diprotic acid?

A

it donates two protons

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16
Q

What type of acid dissociates completely?

A

strong acids

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17
Q

What are strong bases?

A

Hydroxides of groups 1 and 2, metals

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18
Q

What are some weak bases?

A

NH3, CaCO3, Al(OH)3

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19
Q

What does it mean if a substance is amphiprotic?

A

It can behave as a base or an acid

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20
Q

What is a titration?

A

an analytical method for determining the concentration of a solute in a sample by reacting the solute with a standard solution of a known concentration

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21
Q

What is the titrant?

A

the standard solution added to the sample in a titration

22
Q

What is the standard solution?

A

a solution of known concentration used in titrations

23
Q

What is the equivalence point?

A

the point in the titration at which the number of moles of titrant added is stoichmetrically equal to the number of moles of the substance being analyzed

24
Q

What is the end point?

A

the point at which the indicator changes color

25
Q

What is a precipitate?

A

a solid product formed a reaction in a solution

26
Q

What are precipitation reactions?

A

a reaction that produces an insoluble product upon mixing two solutions

27
Q

What things are soluble?

A
  1. all compounds containing group 1 ions and NH4+
  2. anions NO3- and CH3COO-, group 17 (except with Ag+, Cu+, Hg2+. and Pb2+)
  3. SO4^2- except with Ba2+, Ca2+, Pb2+, and Sr2+
28
Q

What things are insoluble?

A
  1. All hydroxides except with group 1, Ca2+. Sr2+, and Ba2+
  2. All sulfides except group 1, NH4+, SrS, and BaS
  3. All carbonates except group 1, NH4+
  4. All phosphates except group 1, NH4+
  5. most fluorides except group 1, NH4+
29
Q

What is a saturated solution?

A

a solution containing the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve

30
Q

What is solubility?

A

the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a given solution at a given temperature

31
Q

What is a supersaturated solution?

A

a solution that contains more than the maximum quantity of solute predicted to be soluble in a given volume of solution at a given temperature

32
Q

What is ion exchange?

A

a process by which one ion is displaced by another

33
Q

What are zeolites?

A

naturally occurring minerals

34
Q

What reduce odor by selectively removing NH4+(aq) through ion exchange?

A

zeolites

35
Q

What is oxidation?

A

A substance loses an electron

36
Q

What is reduction?

A

A substance gains an electron

37
Q

What is the oxidation state?

A

the number of electron an atom gains or loses when it forms an ion

38
Q

What is the O.N of a nuetral molecule, and every pure element?

A

0

39
Q

What is the O.N in monatomic ions?

A

the charge

40
Q

What is the O.N in compounds containing fluorine?

A

-1

41
Q

What is the O.N or hydrogen?

A

1

42
Q

What is the O.N of O?

A

-2

43
Q

What is the O.N of O in H202?

A

-1

44
Q

What are Br and Cl’s O.N when they are NOT combined with O or F?

A

-1

45
Q

What is the oxidizing agent?

A

a substance in a redox reaction that contains the element being reduced

46
Q

What is the reducing agent?

A

a substance in a redox reaction that contains the element being oxidized

47
Q

What is the half reaction?

A

one of the two halves of an oxidation-reduction reaction

48
Q

What are the steps for solving a redox reaction?

A
  1. write oxidation and reduction equation
  2. balance particles in each half
  3. balance charge in each half (add e-)
  4. multiple until whole
  5. add the two half-reactions together
49
Q

define activity series

A

a qualitative ordering of the oxidizing ability of metals, and their cation

50
Q

T or F: a metal will only be oxidized by any cation below it in the activity series?

A

True

51
Q

What is the activity series?

A

Li, K, Ba, Ca, Na, Mg, Al, Mn, Zn, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Sn, Pb, H2, Cu, Ag, Hg, Pt, Au

52
Q

What metals are resistant to strong acids?

A

Cu, Ag, Hg, Pt, Au

Chem 105 (24 decks)

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