Chapter 2

Question 1

the Columbian exchange

Answer 1

the movement of people, animals, plants, manufactured goods, precious metals and diseases between Europe, the new world africa

Question 2

born in new world to Spanish parents

Answer 2

creoles

Question 3

after 50 years of contact-
need for supplemental labor-

Answer 3

diseases will kill 90% of natives
African slavery

Question 4

system which empowered conquistadors use large #s of indians and the lands around their town

Answer 4

encomienda, system introduced to reward conquistadors

Question 5

critics of encomienda

result:

Answer 5

1. Missionaries - horrified by treatment, difficult to convert to christianity
2. royal officials- brutality stemmed from encomienda ‘s unchecked autonomy

Repartimiento- reform that replaced the dying encomienda with royal bureaucrats

Question 6

cortes’s expedition served as the model for others

Answer 6

Francisco Pizarro

Question 7

killed 1/3 of the European pop.

Answer 7

bubonic plague

Question 8

the Portuguese developed deep water vessels

Answer 8

caravel

Question 9

columbus

Answer 9

spain

Question 10

portuguese

Answer 10

portugal

Question 11

break italian trade monopoly, broke monopoly of the old mediterranean trade

Answer 11

prince Henry the navigator

Question 12

Spaniards brought to the new world

Answer 12

christianity, iron technology, sailing ships, firearms, wheeled vehicles, horses and old world viruses

Question 13

keys to cortes victory

Answer 13

-technological advantages, guns, metal swords, armor, cannon, horses
-indian allies, tlaxcalans
-all out war
-diseases

Question 14

most important treasure Spanish could exploit

Answer 14

uncompensated indian labor

Question 15

after 1540 …. most important export

Answer 15

silver mining (precious metals)

Question 16

Spanish father, Indian mother

Answer 16

mestizos