Chapter 2 Flashcards
Length-tension relationship
Resting length of a muscle and the tension it can produce at that length
Force-velocity curve
Muscles’ ability to produce tension at differing shortening velocities
Rate of force production
How quickly a muscle can generate force
Concentric
Developing tension while a muscle is shortening; when developed tension overcomes resistive force
Eccentric
Developing tension while a muscle is lengthening; when resistive force overcomes developed tension
Isometric
When the contractile force is equal to the resistive force
Agonists
Prime movers
Antagonists
Act in opposition to prime movers
Synergists
Assist prime movers
Stabilizers
Support and stabilize body while agonists and synergists create movement
Behavioral properties of muscle
Extensibility, elasticity, irritability, ability to develop tension
Local muscular system
Stabilization system; muscles connect directly to spine, transverse abdominals, multifidus, internal obliques, diaphragm, pelvic floor muscles
Peripheral joint support system
Appendicular skeletal muscle; poor force production; isolated stabilization function; rotator cuff, gluteus medius (posterior fibers), vastus medialis oblique
Global muscular system
Movement musculature; four distinct subsystems
Deep longitudinal subsystem (DLS)
Transmits force between trunk and ground; erector spinal, thoracolumbar fascia, sacrotuberoud ligament, biceps femoris, peroneous longus
Posterior oblique subsystem (POS)
Transfers force from transverse to sagittal plane; works synergistically with DLS; important for rotational activities; latissimus dorsi and
Anterior oblique subsystem (AOS)
Similar to POS on front side of body; internal and external obliques, adductor complex, hip external rotators
Lateral subsystem
Frontal plane and pelvo-femoral stability; gluteus medius, tensor fascia latae, adductor complex, quadratus lumborum
Proprioception
Cumulative neural input from sensory afferents to the CNS
Internal feedback
Information provided by length-tension relationships, force-couple relationships, and arthrokinematics to monitor movement and environment
External feedback
Information provided by an external source
Knowledge of results
Informs athlete about the outcome of performance
Knowledge of performance
Informs athlete about the quality of movement during exercise
Sensorimotor integration
Ability of CNS to gather and interpret information to execute the proper motor response
Motor behavior
Motor response to internal and external stimuli
Motor control
How the CNS integrates sensory information with previous experience to produce a motor response
Motor learning
Integration of motor control with practice and experience; creates relatively permanent change in ability to produce skilled movement
Motor development
Change in motor behavior over a lifetime
