Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

the direct application of scientific discoveries into clinical practice.

A

Translational research

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2
Q

Successes of scientific breakthroughs in the laboratory or in animal models have not translated into major changes in medical or rehabilitative care for humans in a timely way.

A

The Translation Gap

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3
Q

Some view it as the development of new drugs, treatments, or devices, whereas others see its purpose to focus on getting research findings into practice.

A

Translation Continuum

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4
Q

Proof of concept

A

Efficacy

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5
Q

Gold standard

A

RTC

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6
Q

Designed to study the efficacy of a new therapy by comparing it to a placebo or standard care.

A

RTC

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7
Q

Real-world conditions
More generalizable
Inclusion/exclusion criteria is not as strict — Allows for comorbidities

A

Effectiveness

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8
Q

often eliminates the very patients who would likely be treated with the new therapy.

A

Major limitations

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9
Q

often artificial, limiting the applicability of findings b/c they are not representative of the variable practice environment that cannot be controlled in the clinical community.

A

Testing environments

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10
Q

incorporate measures of function or quality of life that are considered more relevant for patient satisfaction to understand if treatments have a meaningful effect on patient outcomes.

A

Pragmatic (practical) clinical trials (PTCs)

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11
Q

highlights the human dimensions of health care

A

Qualitative research

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12
Q

represented obstacles to realizing true health benefits from original research

A

Translational blocks

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13
Q

5 phase of translational research

A

T0—Basic Research

T1—Translation to Humans

T2—Translation to Patients

T3—Translation to Practice

T4—Translation to Populations

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14
Q

Represent an interactive pathway in multiple directions, not always starting with basic research questions

A

The Multimodal Cycle

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15
Q

Federal and nonprofit agencies have created programs with significant funding to support effectiveness studies

A

Effective Research

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16
Q

the generation and synthesis of evidence that compares the benefits and harms of alternative methods to prevent, diagnose, treat and monitor or improve the delivery of care

A

Comparative effectiveness research

17
Q

Hypothesis and study design are formulated based on information needed to make a clinical decision

A

Pragmatic Clinical Trials

18
Q

used to describe an approach to research that is of high quality but developed and implemented in real-world settings

19
Q

Umbrella term to describe studies that focus on the impact of results of healthcare practices and interventions.

A

Outcome research

20
Q

Comes directly from pt — Can be tested across multiple populations

Goal: engage pt in the development of questions and outcome measures

A

Patient-Reported Outcomes Measures

21
Q

Outcomes that measure things that a pt would care about

A

Patient-Oriented Evidence that Matters

22
Q

Distinct goal of engaging patients and other stakeholders in the development of questions and outcome measures, encouraging them to become integral members of the research process

A

Patient-centered outcomes research (PCOR)

23
Q

the one that will be used to arrive at a decision on the overall result of the study and that represents the greatest therapeutic benefit.

A

Primary outcome

24
Q

endpoint measures that may also be used to assess the effectiveness of the intervention, as well as side effects, costs, or other outcomes of interest.

A

Secondary outcomes

25
focuses on understanding the influence of the environment and resources on whether research findings are actually translated to practice.
Implementation science
26
An implementation study is focused on:
Ways to change behavior Incorporating education and training Team-based efforts Community engagement Systemic infrastructure redesign
27
Implementation studies can address:
Clinical performance audits
28
Involve variables that describe the intentional activities to deliver services Typically focus on feasibility, acceptance, adoption, cost, and sustainability
Implementation outcomes
29
often collected to better understand the context of implementation, including semi-structured interviews, focus groups, and direct observation
Qualitative data