Chapetr 11

Question 1

A set of questions that elicits quantitative or qualitative responses

Answer 1

Surveys

Question 2

Survey forms

Answer 2

Questionnaires
Interviews

Question 3

a standardized survey, usually self-administered, that asks individuals to respond to a series of questions.

Answer 3

Questionnaires

Question 4

the researcher asks respondents specific questions and records the answers
— structured
— semi-structured
— unstructured

Answer 4

Interviews

Question 5

Planning the survey requires 3 parts

Answer 5

Part 1: Identify the question, state the guiding question
Part 2: preliminary items, expert panel, revise items, pilot test, finalize
Part 3: IRB approval, sample contact, questionnaire

Question 6

Developing Content for a Survey

Answer 6

●Question writing
•Use existing instruments when applicable
●Expert review of draft questions
●Pilot testing
●Revisions

Question 7

Open-ended questions

Answer 7

ask respondents to answer in their own words

Question 8

Close ended questions

Answer 8

ask respondents to select and answer from among several fixed choices

Multiple choice questions
•Dichotomous questions
•Check all that apply
•Measuring intensity
•Checklists
•Measurement scales
•Visual analog scales
•Rank-order questions

Question 9

●Used to follow up specific answers with more detailed questions
●May use skip patterns for persons to who questions are not applicable
●May include “none of the above” as a choice
●Challenges for data analysis

Answer 9

Branching

Question 10

Writing good questions

Answer 10

●Every question should be answerable by every subject
●Questions should be easy to answer
●Consider recall of information
●Consider if respondents will be honest
●Try to use a variety of question types
●Questions should generate varied responses

Question 11

●Purposeful language
●Avoid bias
●Clarity
●Avoid double-barreled questions
●Frequency and time-measures
●Sensitive questions

Answer 11

Question wording

Question 12

Formatting the survey

Answer 12

Question order — Follow thought process
Length of survey — Long surveys less likely to be completed
Demographics — Include questions that can characterize the sample of respondents

Question 13

●Probability vs non-probability sampling
●Sampling errors
●Response rates
●Sample size

Answer 13

Sampling

Question 14

Contacting the respondants

Answer 14

●Prior to the survey
●The cover letter
●Follow-up communication
•Reminders to facilitate an increased return rate
•Thank the participants

Question 15

Analyzing coding results

Answer 15

Coding — closed choice responses; open-ended responses
Summarizing survey data —figures; cross-tabulations
Missing data

Question 16

•Submission of questionnaire is considered informed consent
•May be included in the cover letter
•Face-to-face interviews provide a form to sign
•For telephone interviews, provide full information at the start of the call to obtain verbal consent

Answer 16

Informed consent

Question 17

Ethics in survey research involves

Answer 17

IRB review/approval and informed consent