Chapter 2

Question 1

Water

Answer 1

Needed for microorganisms to grow, make 80% of cell, all enzymatic reactions and transport of materials occur in its presence

Question 2

Energy source

Answer 2

Needed for microorganisms to grow, all cells need way to make ATP and carry out biosynthesis. Include: CHEMOTROPHS, break chemical bonds to derive energy and PHOTOTROPHS, energy is derived from sunlight via photosynthetic pigments

Question 3

Carbon source

Answer 3

Needed for microorganisms to grow, all cells are carbon based include: HETROTROPHS, obtain organic carbon (carbohydrates, proteins, fats, DNA, amino acids) and AUTOTROPHS, obtain carbon by fixing C02

Question 4

Nitrogen

Answer 4

Needed for microorganisms to grow, essential element in DNA, RNA, amino acids, and peptidoglycan

Question 5

Minerals

Answer 5

Essential for microorganisms to grow, metals needed for metabolism such as zinc, copper, iron, sulfur

Question 6

Vitamins

Answer 6

Needed for microorganisms to grow, are coenzymes for metabolism like NAD and, flavins

Question 7

States of media

Answer 7

3 states of media include LIQUID, broth inside test tube, SOLID, in a Petri dish (1.5%), requires agent to solidify like agar, SEMI-SOLID, (0.4-1.0% agar), will giggle like jello, and may contain redox indicator such as TCC

Question 8

Media preparation

Answer 8

Most media dehydrated powders, sterilization performed in a autoclave which kills all microbes (cells, spores, endospores), heat at 121 degrees Celsius, 15 psi, 15 minutes (more volume more time)

Question 9

What do u follow when preparing sterilized media?

Answer 9

Aseptic technique (close broth lid, use bacti-cinerator)

Question 10

What to look out for in media?

Answer 10

Contamination, or and water on plate

Question 11

What are the types of media?

Answer 11

COMPLEX MEDIA, exact chemical constitution of medium not known, wide range of growth, beef extract, DEFINITE MEDIA, exact constitution of medium is known, usually composed of pure chemicals, narrow range of growth, glucose

Question 12

Other types of media?

Answer 12

SELECTIVE MEDIUM, has components added which will inhibit or prevent growth of certain types of species of bacteria and/or promote growth of desired species ex: antibiotics only antibiotic resistant bacteria will grow DIFEFERNTIAL MEDIA component added allows to distinguish between different types of bacteria based on observable trait ex: MacConkey Lactose agar (lac positive red, lac negative white)

Question 13

Aseptic technique

Answer 13

Culture technique is a set of specific practices and procedures under carefully controlled conditions with goal of pure culture

Question 14

Pure culture

Answer 14

Culture technique which culture of a single species, without contaminations

Question 15

Quadrant streaks

Answer 15

Culture technique in order to obtain isolates colonies

Question 16

Isolated colony

Answer 16

Culture technique, idea that one bacterial cell will decide into visible colony (10 mil cells) each of these cells are the same clonal