Chapter 1

Question 1

Why study microbiology?

Answer 1

Prevention of infection and disease

Question 2

Major classes of microorganisms?

Answer 2

Virus, algae, fungi, protozoa, bacteria

Question 3

Prokaryotes include?

Answer 3

Bacteria

Question 4

Eukaryotes include?

Answer 4

Algae, fungi, protozoa

Question 5

Virus can be?

Answer 5

Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Question 6

Eukaryotes are?

Answer 6

They have nucleus, internal membrane-bound organelles, use mitosis & meiosis, have more than 1 chromosomes & usually have larger cells

Question 7

Prokaryotes are?

Answer 7

Have nucleiod, and use binary fission

Question 8

How are prokaryotes and eukaryotes similar?

Answer 8

Both have: cell membrane, & ribosomes but eukaryote ribosomes larger

Question 9

Virus is?

Answer 9

Noncellular, require a specific host for replication, some can infect bacteria known as phage ex: HIV, herpes

Question 10

Algae is?

Answer 10

Unicellular or multicellular, found in freshwater & ocean, photosynthetic

Question 11

Protozoa is?

Answer 11

Single called eukaryotes, move using: pseudopodia-false feet extensions of the internal guts of a cell, cilia-hair-like projections used for movement, flagella-long, filament- like “tails” used for swimming ex: amoeba, giardia

Question 12

Fungi is?

Answer 12

Eukaryotic, composed of: molds- multicellular, have hyphae, and reproduce by sexual & asexual spores, yeasts- unicellular, reproduce asexually by budding ex: ring worm, valley fever

Question 13

Bacteria is?

Answer 13

All prokaryotic, 3 important traits that helps one identify the genus & species: shape, cell wall type, motility

Question 14

Bacterial shape

Answer 14

Rods/bacillus, coccus, spirillum/curved

Question 15

What are the common cell components?

Answer 15

Nucleic acids (heredity, DNA/RNA), proteins (structure and function, amino acids), carbohydrates (energy), lipids (barrier from outside, phospholipid bilayer)

Question 16

Nucleiod is?

Answer 16

Bacterial cell component, heredity, single, circular DNA chromosome

Question 17

Cytoplasm is?

Answer 17

Bacterial cell component, 80% water, ribosomes, & inclusions

Question 18

Inner cell membrane is?

Answer 18

Bacterial cell component, ATP synthesis, selective permeability, phospholipid bilayer with proteins

Question 19

Cell wall is?

Answer 19

For rigidity has peptides & carbohydrates

Question 20

Periplasm is?

Answer 20

Space between coin membrane & outer cell membrane (only on some)

Question 21

Outer cell membrane is?

Answer 21

Additional cell membrane gram - only

Question 22

Capsule is?

Answer 22

Slimy protective coat outside of the cell ( only on some)

Question 23

Flagella is?

Answer 23

Used to allow the bacterial cell to move (only on some)