Chapter 2 Flashcards
Transmission genetics
investigating patterns of transmission of gene and traits from parent to offspring
Who helped mendel make his discovery?
Christian doppler’s doppler effect by studying individual characteristics
Unger’s critical thinking about plant reproduction theories
Self fertilization
reproduce on own
artificial cross fertilization
transfers pollen from 1 plant to other to fertilize
Blending theory of heredity
traits of progeny as mixture of characteristics passed by 2 parents
What were mendel’s experiment innovations
control cross of plants
use of pure breeding strains to begin experimental crosses
selection of dichotomous traits
quantification of results
use of replicate, reciprocal, and test crosses
Controlled genetic crosses
known genotypes or phenotypes before cross
pure breeding (true breed)
identical homozygous organisms have phenotype identical to parents
Parental generation
parents
first filial generation
offspring of P
F2
offspring of P1
Replicate cross
Produce F1 & F2 and produced cross several times
Reciprocal cross
Same phenotypes but sexes switched
Test cross
identify alleles not certain
Dominant phenotype
observed in heterozygous or homozygous alleles
Recessive phenotype
only homozygous alleles
Homozygous genotype
2 of same alleles for a gene
Heterozygous genotype
2 different alleles and created by pure breeding organisms with different traits
Particulate inheritance
each plant carries 2 particles of heredity
monohybrid cross
2 organism have same heterozygous genotype which create 3:1 phenotypic ratio
Phenotypic ratio
proportions of different phenotypes
Genotypic raito
proportions of different genotypes
punnett square
functional tool of genetic anaylsis made by reginal punnett
law of segregation (mendel’s 1st law)
identifies segregation of alleles during gamete formation and proposes random union of gametes produce predictable proportions