Chapter 2

Question 1

Transmission genetics

Answer 1

investigating patterns of transmission of gene and traits from parent to offspring

Question 2

Who helped mendel make his discovery?

Answer 2

Christian doppler’s doppler effect by studying individual characteristics
Unger’s critical thinking about plant reproduction theories

Question 3

Self fertilization

Answer 3

reproduce on own

Question 4

artificial cross fertilization

Answer 4

transfers pollen from 1 plant to other to fertilize

Question 5

Blending theory of heredity

Answer 5

traits of progeny as mixture of characteristics passed by 2 parents

Question 6

What were mendel’s experiment innovations

Answer 6

control cross of plants
use of pure breeding strains to begin experimental crosses
selection of dichotomous traits
quantification of results
use of replicate, reciprocal, and test crosses

Question 7

Controlled genetic crosses

Answer 7

known genotypes or phenotypes before cross

Question 8

pure breeding (true breed)

Answer 8

identical homozygous organisms have phenotype identical to parents

Question 9

Parental generation

Answer 9

parents

Question 10

first filial generation

Answer 10

offspring of P

Question 11

F2

Answer 11

offspring of P1

Question 12

Replicate cross

Answer 12

Produce F1 & F2 and produced cross several times

Question 13

Reciprocal cross

Answer 13

Same phenotypes but sexes switched

Question 14

Test cross

Answer 14

identify alleles not certain

Question 15

Dominant phenotype

Answer 15

observed in heterozygous or homozygous alleles

Question 16

Recessive phenotype

Answer 16

only homozygous alleles

Question 17

Homozygous genotype

Answer 17

2 of same alleles for a gene

Question 18

Heterozygous genotype

Answer 18

2 different alleles and created by pure breeding organisms with different traits

Question 19

Particulate inheritance

Answer 19

each plant carries 2 particles of heredity

Question 20

monohybrid cross

Answer 20

2 organism have same heterozygous genotype which create 3:1 phenotypic ratio

Question 21

Phenotypic ratio

Answer 21

proportions of different phenotypes

Question 22

Genotypic raito

Answer 22

proportions of different genotypes

Question 23

punnett square

Answer 23

functional tool of genetic anaylsis made by reginal punnett

Question 24

law of segregation (mendel’s 1st law)

Answer 24

identifies segregation of alleles during gamete formation and proposes random union of gametes produce predictable proportions

Question 25

Test cross

Answer 25

cross organism with dominant phenotype with recessive to determine dominants genotype

Question 26

dihybrid cross

Answer 26

cross between organism that differ in 2 traits

Question 27

forkline diagram

Answer 27

diagramming probabilities of outcomes

Question 28

law of independent assortment

Answer 28

gamete formation segration of alleles of1 gene is independent of segration of alleles of another gene

Question 29

trihybrid cross

Answer 29

genetic cross that are heterozygous for 3 genes

Question 30

product rule

Answer 30

2 or more events are independent what is likelyhood of them happening together is product of probabilites

Question 31

sum rule

Answer 31

joint probability of any set of 2 or more outcomes when outcomes are muturally exclusive

Question 32

prior probability

Answer 32

prediction of outcome before event

Question 33

conditional propability

Answer 33

predicting dependent on prevouis event

Question 34

binomial propability

Answer 34

2 coefficients whose sum=1 and products predict probability

Question 35

chi square test

Answer 35

most common stat method used for comparing observed experimental outcomes with results predicted observed experimental outcomes with results predicted by hypothesis
x2=sum of (O-E)2/E

Question 36

probability value

Answer 36

quantitive expression of probability results of another experiment same size and structure