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Anatomy & Physiology > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Anything that occupies space and has mass

A

Matter

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2
Q

3 states of matter

A

Solid

Liquid

Gas

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3
Q

Matter consisting of atoms of the same atomic number

A

Element

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4
Q

The basic unit of matter, made up three subatomic particles:

A

Atom

Subatomic particles

Protons, neutrons and electrons

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5
Q

Carry a positive charge

A

Proton

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6
Q

Carry a negative charge

A

Electron

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7
Q

Carry a neutral charge

A

Neutron

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8
Q

Represents the number of protons in an atom

A

Atomic number

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9
Q

Are electrically neutral, meaning they carry no electrical charge

A

Atoms

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10
Q

Electrically charged atoms. An atom becomes charged by gaining or losing electrons.

A

Ions

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11
Q

An atom that gains one electron now carries one extra negatively charged particle than it has protons in the nucleus. It therefore carries a negative charge. Negatively charged ions are called _____.

A

Anions

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12
Q

The outermost orbital occupied by electrons is called the

A

Valence orbital

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13
Q

Any compound that contains carbon and hydrogen and usually oxygen

A

Organic compound

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14
Q

Any compound that lacks carbon and hydrogen

A

Inorganic compound

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15
Q

Any substance that releases hydrogen ions when in a solution

A

Acid

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16
Q

Probability of free hydrogen ions in a solution

A

PH

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17
Q

Is considered a uniform mixture of a solute and a solvent

A

Solution

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18
Q

Any substance dissolved into a solvent

A

Solute

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19
Q

Any substance into which a solute is dissolved

A

Solvent

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20
Q

An atom that loses an electron now carries one less e- than it has p+. The overall charge is now positive. A positively charged atom is called a ______

A

Cation

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21
Q

The number of electrons that can occupy an orbital

A

2,8,8 rule

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22
Q

Na+

A

Ion

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23
Q

Any substance that removes hydrogen ions in a solution

A

Base alkali

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24
Q

Any substance that resists changes in PH

A

Buffer

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25
Q

Positively charged ion is

A

Cation

26
Q

Negatively charged ion is

A

Anion

27
Q

Are chemical bonds created by the electrical attraction between anions and cations

A

Ionic bonds

28
Q

Sharing of electrons through covalence

A

Covalent bonds

29
Q

The four major classes of organic compounds of interest to us are usually very large molecules made up of individual small units called

A

Monomer

30
Q

If two monomers bind together they form a

A

Dimer

31
Q

After five or more monomers come together we usually refer to them as

A

Polymers

32
Q

Polysaccharides = many sugars

Complex sugars

A

Carbohydrates

33
Q

Simple sugar chemical formula

A

C6 H12 O6

34
Q

The monomer of a carbohydrate is called a saccharide or monosaccharide, and can also be called a

A

Simple sugar

35
Q

The way plants and animals store sugar is as

A

Carbohydrates

36
Q

found in an animal starch made up of many glucose molecules is called

A

Glycogen

37
Q

Fats, oils, and waxes

C H O

A

Lipids

38
Q

Used to form organelle and cell membranes

Alternate source of energy

A

Lipids

39
Q

Polymers long chains of amino acids

C H O and Nitrogen

A

Proteins

40
Q

Are the functional molecules of the cells

A

Proteins

41
Q

Polymers long chains of nucleotides

C H O N and phosphorus

Store and transfer genetic information

A

Nucleic acids

42
Q

Store and transfer genetic information

A

Nucleic acids

43
Q

In a plant a carbohydrate is called

A

Starch

44
Q

Small % of molecules that release their hydrogen ions in a solution

A

Weak acid

45
Q

Larger % of molecules that release their hydrogen ions

A

Strong acid

46
Q

Provide shape and support

A

Structural proteins

47
Q

Increase the rate of biochemical reactions

A

Enzymes

48
Q

The nuclear envelope is intact
DNA is in the form of chromatin
Normal cellular function occurs

  • if dividing dna replication Occurs
A

Interphase

49
Q

The nuclear envelope is broken down
Chromatin is condensed into chromosomes
Centrioles migrate to opposite poles

A

Prophase

50
Q

Chromosomes line up
Centrioles reach opposite poles and attach spindle fibers to each chromatin

A

Metaphase

51
Q

Centrioles retract spindle fibers
Chromosomes are separated into chromotids

A

Anaphase

52
Q

Chromosomes reach opposite poles and uncoil into chromatin
Nuclear envelope is reassembled cytokinesis that is the cell pinching in half

A

Telophase

53
Q

All simple sugars have

A

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen

54
Q

C6 h12 o6 + o2 and run it through mitochondria you get

A

36 atp energy

55
Q

There’s only 20 different amino acids that make up ?

A

Proteins

56
Q

Which atoms are found in all amino acids ?

A

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Sulfur

57
Q

Remove a smaller % of hydrogen ions

A

Weak bases

58
Q

Will remove a higher number of hydrogen ions

A

Strong bases

59
Q

Proteins embedded in the cell membrane

A

Integral membrane proteins

60
Q

Loosely attached to the inside of the cell membrane

A

Peripheral proteins

61
Q

Allows the cell membrane to be fluid and flexible

A

Cholesterol

Anatomy & Physiology (9 decks)

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