Chapter 2

Question 1

Anything that occupies space and has mass

Answer 1

Matter

Question 2

3 states of matter

Answer 2

Solid

Liquid

Gas

Question 3

Matter consisting of atoms of the same atomic number

Answer 3

Element

Question 4

The basic unit of matter, made up three subatomic particles:

Answer 4

Atom

Subatomic particles

Protons, neutrons and electrons

Question 5

Carry a positive charge

Answer 5

Proton

Question 6

Carry a negative charge

Answer 6

Electron

Question 7

Carry a neutral charge

Answer 7

Neutron

Question 8

Represents the number of protons in an atom

Answer 8

Atomic number

Question 9

Are electrically neutral, meaning they carry no electrical charge

Answer 9

Atoms

Question 10

Electrically charged atoms. An atom becomes charged by gaining or losing electrons.

Answer 10

Ions

Question 11

An atom that gains one electron now carries one extra negatively charged particle than it has protons in the nucleus. It therefore carries a negative charge. Negatively charged ions are called _____.

Answer 11

Anions

Question 12

The outermost orbital occupied by electrons is called the

Answer 12

Valence orbital

Question 13

Any compound that contains carbon and hydrogen and usually oxygen

Answer 13

Organic compound

Question 14

Any compound that lacks carbon and hydrogen

Answer 14

Inorganic compound

Question 15

Any substance that releases hydrogen ions when in a solution

Answer 15

Acid

Question 16

Probability of free hydrogen ions in a solution

Answer 16

PH

Question 17

Is considered a uniform mixture of a solute and a solvent

Answer 17

Solution

Question 18

Any substance dissolved into a solvent

Answer 18

Solute

Question 19

Any substance into which a solute is dissolved

Answer 19

Solvent

Question 20

An atom that loses an electron now carries one less e- than it has p+. The overall charge is now positive. A positively charged atom is called a ______

Answer 20

Cation

Question 21

The number of electrons that can occupy an orbital

Answer 21

2,8,8 rule

Question 22

Na+

Answer 22

Ion

Question 23

Any substance that removes hydrogen ions in a solution

Answer 23

Base alkali

Question 24

Any substance that resists changes in PH

Answer 24

Buffer

Question 25

Positively charged ion is

Answer 25

Cation

Question 26

Negatively charged ion is

Answer 26

Anion

Question 27

Are chemical bonds created by the electrical attraction between anions and cations

Answer 27

Ionic bonds

Question 28

Sharing of electrons through covalence

Answer 28

Covalent bonds

Question 29

The four major classes of organic compounds of interest to us are usually very large molecules made up of individual small units called

Answer 29

Monomer

Question 30

If two monomers bind together they form a

Answer 30

Dimer

Question 31

After five or more monomers come together we usually refer to them as

Answer 31

Polymers

Question 32

Polysaccharides = many sugars Complex sugars

Answer 32

Carbohydrates

Question 33

Simple sugar chemical formula

Answer 33

C6 H12 O6

Question 34

The monomer of a carbohydrate is called a saccharide or monosaccharide, and can also be called a

Answer 34

Simple sugar

Question 35

The way plants and animals store sugar is as

Answer 35

Carbohydrates

Question 36

found in an animal starch made up of many glucose molecules is called

Answer 36

Glycogen

Question 37

Fats, oils, and waxes C H O

Answer 37

Lipids

Question 38

Used to form organelle and cell membranes Alternate source of energy

Answer 38

Lipids

Question 39

Polymers long chains of amino acids C H O and Nitrogen

Answer 39

Proteins

Question 40

Are the functional molecules of the cells

Answer 40

Proteins

Question 41

Polymers long chains of nucleotides C H O N and phosphorus Store and transfer genetic information

Answer 41

Nucleic acids

Question 42

Store and transfer genetic information

Answer 42

Nucleic acids

Question 43

In a plant a carbohydrate is called

Answer 43

Starch

Question 44

Small % of molecules that release their hydrogen ions in a solution

Answer 44

Weak acid

Question 45

Larger % of molecules that release their hydrogen ions

Answer 45

Strong acid

Question 46

Provide shape and support

Answer 46

Structural proteins

Question 47

Increase the rate of biochemical reactions

Answer 47

Enzymes

Question 48

The nuclear envelope is intact DNA is in the form of chromatin Normal cellular function occurs * if dividing dna replication Occurs

Answer 48

Interphase

Question 49

The nuclear envelope is broken down Chromatin is condensed into chromosomes Centrioles migrate to opposite poles

Answer 49

Prophase

Question 50

Chromosomes line up Centrioles reach opposite poles and attach spindle fibers to each chromatin

Answer 50

Metaphase

Question 51

Centrioles retract spindle fibers Chromosomes are separated into chromotids

Answer 51

Anaphase

Question 52

Chromosomes reach opposite poles and uncoil into chromatin Nuclear envelope is reassembled cytokinesis that is the cell pinching in half

Answer 52

Telophase

Question 53

All simple sugars have

Answer 53

Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen

Question 54

C6 h12 o6 + o2 and run it through mitochondria you get

Answer 54

36 atp energy

Question 55

There’s only 20 different amino acids that make up ?

Answer 55

Proteins

Question 56

Which atoms are found in all amino acids ?

Answer 56

Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Sulfur

Question 57

Remove a smaller % of hydrogen ions

Answer 57

Weak bases

Question 58

Will remove a higher number of hydrogen ions

Answer 58

Strong bases

Question 59

Proteins embedded in the cell membrane

Answer 59

Integral membrane proteins

Question 60

Loosely attached to the inside of the cell membrane

Answer 60

Peripheral proteins

Question 61

Allows the cell membrane to be fluid and flexible

Answer 61

Cholesterol