CHAPTER 2 Flashcards
ASSESSMENT
umbrella term to describe the process used by teachers to make informed decisions.
NORM-REFERENCED INSTRUMENTS
ARE STANDARDIZED TESTS DESIGNED TO COLLECT PERFORMANCE DATA THAT ARE THEN COMPARED WITH REFERENCE STANDARDS COMPOSED OF NORMATIVE DATA PROVIDED WITH INSTRUMENT.
CRITERION-REFERENCED INSTRUMENTS
LESS STANDARDIZED AND INVOLVE EVALUATING PERFORMANCE AGAINST AN ESTABLISHED SET OF CRITERIA.
EX:SKIPPING INVOLVES OBSERVING CHILDREN AND RECORD WHETHER THEY DO THEM CORRECTLY.
REFERENCE STANDARDS
REFER TO THE HOW THE DATA COLLECTED DURING THE ASSESSMENT ARE INTERPRETED.
MEASUREMENT
REFERS TO THE TYPE OF DATA COLLECTED BY THE ASSESSMENT INSTRUMENT
EVALUATION
THE COMPARISON AND INTERPRETATION OF MULTIPLE ASSESSMENTS TO EXPLAIN THE CHANGES THAT WERE OBSERVED.
FORMATIVE EVAL
IS ONGOING AND FOCUSES ON SHAPING THE PERFORMANCE OVER TIME TO REACH A DESIRED GOAL.
SUMMATIVE EVAL
IS PERFORMED AT ESTABLISHED INTERVALS, WITH THE PURPOSE OF INTERPRETING THE PERFORMANCE AGAINST ESTABLISHED STANDARDS.
IDENTIFICATION DECISIONS
MAY ALSO BE REFERRED TO AS ELIGIBILITY OR CLASSIFICATION DECISIONS, INVOLVE DETERMINING WHETHER A CHILDS LEVEL OF PERFORMANCE WARRANTS SPECIAL ATTENTION.
INSTRUCTIONAL DECISIONS
THE THIRD AND MOST COMMON TYPE, INVOLVE A WIDE RANGE OF ASSESSMENT TOOLS.
THIS ASSESSMENT IS PART OF THE INSTRUCTIONAL PROCESS AND NOT A SEPARATE STAND ALONE ACTIVITY.
PLACEMENT DECISIONS
INVOLVE DETERMINING THE PROGRAMMATIC NEEDS TO THE STUDENT AND THE MOST APPROPRIATE INSTRUCTIONAL SETTING FOR ADDRESSING THESE NEEDS.
PROCESS MEASURES
MEASURING MOTOR SKILL PERFORMANCE AND JUDGING HOW THE SKILL WAS PERFORMED
PRODUCT MEASURES
FOCUS ON OUTCOMES OR PRODUCTS OF THE PERFORMANCE , LIKE NUMBER OF REPS.
Paradigm 1950
Socially isolated and mistreated, no respect or privacy
- INDIV DEFECT
- THEN WE HAD TO RETHINK BECAUSE OF THE VETS COMING HOME.
medical model
DISABILITY RATHER THAN ABILITY
PPL SEEN AS A PATIENT NEEDING CURE, RESIDES IN THE INDIVIDUAL.
PARADIGM 1980
6
SUPPORT BASED PROGRAM
- SUPPORT PPL IN NATURAL SETTINGS
- SPORT MUCH MROE PROMINENT
- LOOK ACROSS A LIFESPAN AND NO A SCHOOL AGE
- SEE DISABILITY AS NATURAL HUMAN VARIATION
- SUPPORT ITS SETTING, AND LOOK AT ENVIRONMENT AND THIER INTERACTION WITHIN.
PARADIGM 1990
EMPOWERMENT AND SELF DETERMINATION
-ALLOW INDIV TO MAKE THEIR OWN CHOICES, RATHER THAN MAKING THE DECISION THEMSELVES.
MODELS OF DISABILITY
3
MEDICAL
SOCIAL MINORITY
SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION
SOCIAL MINORITY
- NEGATIVE SOCIAL CONSEQUENCES
- SHARE SAME PREJUDICES, LABEL THEM MINORITY.
- FOCUS ON SOCIAL NORMS
SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION
- HOW SOCIETY SEPARATES THE DISABILITY
- LIKE THE ENVIRONMENT CHALLENGES
- BECAUSE OF THE LIMITATIONS
compare and CONTRAST THE THREE MAJOR TYPES OF ASSESSMENT:
- IDENTIFICATION
- PLACEMENT
- INTRUCTION
