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Human Geography > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Around the world, humans are…

A

not distributed equally

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2
Q

what does a cartogram do?

A

depicts size of countries according to population rather that land area.

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3
Q

2/3 of the worlds population live in 4 areas, where are they?

A

East Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia, and Europe

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4
Q

extreme climate and topography will result in…

A

smaller populations in those regions, people tend to gravitate more to average climates.

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5
Q

describe the term ecumene.

A

portion of earth occupied by permanent human settlement

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6
Q

what is population density?

A

numbers of humans living in an area

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7
Q

what is arable land?

A

land suitable for agriculture

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8
Q

what are the 3 types of population density? describe them

A
  1. arithmetic density: total number of people divided by total land area. it allows for the comparison of populations
  2. Physiological density: number of people per unit area of arable land.
  3. agricultural density: ratio of number of farmers to the total amount of arable land
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9
Q

what do geographers measure population with?

A

natural increase rate(NIR), crude birth rate(CBR), crude death rate(CDR)

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10
Q

what is a census?

A

complete enumeration of population

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11
Q

what is the natural increase rate?

A

percentage growth rate of a population in a year, computed as the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate.

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12
Q

what is the current world NIR

A

1.1%

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13
Q

what does the term “doubling time” mean?

A

number of years needed to double a population

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14
Q

what is the current population distribution around the world?

A

asia: 66%
africa: 20%
Latin America: 9%
North America: 4%
Europe and Russia: 1%

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15
Q

what is the crude death rate?

A

total live births in a year for every 1000 people alive in society. it is currently 20

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16
Q

what is the crude death rate?

A

total deaths for every 1000 people alive in society. 8 in developing countries and 10 in developed.

17
Q

what is the demographic transition?

A

process of change in a society’s population from a condition oh high crude birth and death rates and low natural TO low crude birth and death rates, low natural increase, and higher total population.

18
Q

what are the 4 stages in a demographic transition? what are some examples of countries in these stages?

A

stage 1: very high CBR and CDR and very low NIR
- when we were still hunters/gatherers

stage 2: high CBR, rapidly declining CDR, very high NIR
-gambia

stage 3: rapidly declining CBR, moderate CDR, moderate NIR
-mexico

stage 4: very low CBR, slightly increasing CDR, 0 or negative NIR
-denmark

19
Q

what is the sex ratio? what is the standard sex ratio?

A

number of males per 100 females in population. standard is 105

20
Q

what is maternal mortality rate? what is the world wide rate?

A

annual female deaths per 100,000 live births from any cause related to or aggravated by pregnancy or its management.
world rate is 216

21
Q

the stages of demographic transition will determine the prominent age groups of the country. what stage has what age groups?

A

stage 2 will have more younger people, stage 4 will have more older people

22
Q

what is the infant mortality rate?

A

total deaths in a year among infants under 1 year old for every 1000 live births in a society

23
Q

what is the potential support ratio? AKA the elderly support ratio

A

number of working age people divided by number of people older than 65. the worlds ratio is 9

24
Q

define the term life expectancy?

A

average years individual ran expect to live, given current social, economic, and medical conditions.

25
Q

what is the dependency ratio?

A

number of people who are too young or old to work

26
Q

what is a population pyramid?

A

bar graph that represents distribution of population by age and sex

27
Q

what is epidemiology?

A

a branch of medical science concerned with the incidence, distribution, and control of diseases that are prevalent among a population at a special time and are produced by some special causes not generally present in the affected locations.

28
Q

what is the epidemiological transition?

A

process of change in the distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition.

29
Q

what are the deaths associated with the stages of the epidemiological transition?

A

stage 1: famine and infectious diseases
stage 2: receding pandemics
stage 3: degenerative diseases and human created diseases
stage 4: delayed degenerative diseases

30
Q

what does it mean for a place to be overpopulated?

A

the number of people in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living.

31
Q

what are typical child bearing years?

A

15-49

32
Q

what is Malthus’s theory about population?

A

population is going to exceed food supply because population increases geometrically and food increases arithmetically.

33
Q

what is the potential stage 5 that could arise in the demographic transition?

A

it would happen in developed countries and would be characterized by very low CBR, increasing CDR and have a negative NIR

34
Q

what is the total fertility rate?

A

the average number of children a woman will have throughout her child bearing years. worlds is 2.5

35
Q

what is the term “zero population growth”?

A

decline of total fertility rate to the point where the natural increase rate equals zero

36
Q

what are 3 reasons to explain the emergence of a possible stage 5?

A
  1. evolution (diseases mutate)
  2. poverty (diseases more prevalent in these areas)
  3. increased connections (world is more connected and allows spread of more disease)
37
Q

what two strategies can CBR rates be lowered?

A
  1. education and health care

2. contraception and family planning

Human Geography (11 decks)

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