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Human Geography > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the difference between geography and history?

A

history answers the “when and why” question whereas geography answers the “where and why “ question.

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2
Q

what is contemporary human geography?

A

the scientific study of where people and activities are found across earth’s surface and the reason why they are there.

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3
Q

What are the 2 basic concepts to explain why every place is unique? describe them.

A
  1. Place: specific point on earth distinguished by specific characteristics.
  2. Region: an area of earth defined by one or more distinctive characteristics.
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4
Q

what are 3 concepts to explain how different points are related?

A
  1. scale: relationship between the portion of earth being studied and earth as a whole.
  2. Space: physical gap/interval between objects.
  3. connection: relationship between people and objects across space.
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5
Q

geographers are concerned with _____

A

global scale

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6
Q

geographers and concerned with the various ______

A

means that connections occur

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7
Q

what is the geographic information science (gis)

A

analysis of data about earth acquired through satellite and other electronic information technologies.

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8
Q

what 4 points does the geographic information science provide?

A

1- helps determine if relationships between objects are related of coincidence
2- captures, stores, queries, and displays geographic data.
3- produces maps that are more accurate/attractive
4- helps measure changes of characteristics over time.

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9
Q

what is photogrammetry?

A

the science of taking measurements of surface from photographs

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10
Q

what is remote sensing?

A

acquisition of data about earths surface from a satellite orbiting earth or tore methods.

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11
Q

what is the global positioning unit (gps)?

A

system that determines the precise position of something with satellites, tracking stations, and receivers.

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12
Q

what is geotagging?

A

the identification and storage of a piece of info by its precise latitude and longitude.

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13
Q

what is participatory GIS?

A

community-based mapping, representing local knowledge and information.

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14
Q

in geography, what is a mashup?

A

map that overlays data from one source on top of a map provided by a mapping service.

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15
Q

what is a map scale and what ways was it presenting?

A

relationship between size of an object on a map and the size of the actual feature on earth’s surface. presented in ratio, description, or barline.

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16
Q

what is projection?

A

system used to transfer locations from earths surface to a flat map.

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17
Q

what are the four major different methods for projection? what do they do?

A
  1. mercator projection: very little shape and direction distortion, relative size is distorted and causes the high latitudes to look better.
  2. Gall-peters: distorts shape, not relative size
  3. Goode homosline: separates E and W hemispheres in 2, known as interruption
  4. Robinson: allocates lots of space for oceans, land becomes smaller.
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18
Q

what are the 4 types of distortion that can happen on a map?

A

shape, distance, relative size, direction.

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19
Q

for latitude and longitude, which in natural and which is a human creation?

A

latitude: natural
longitude: human creation

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20
Q

what is the geographic grid?

A

imaginary arcs drawn in a grid pattern on earths surface

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21
Q

what is the difference between meridian and parallel?

A

meridian: arc between N and S poles. related to longitude
parallel: circle around globe to the equator. related to latitude.

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22
Q

what is the prime meridian?

A

the meridian at 0 degrees longitude that passes through the royal observatory in greenwich England.

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23
Q

how many time zones are there and by how many degrees are they divided by?

A

24 time zones, divided by 15 degrees.

24
Q

what is the international date line?

A

at 180 degrees longitude that, when you cross heading east to the usa, clock moves back 24 hours.

25
Q

what is location?

A

position of anything of earth.

26
Q

what are 3 ways to identify location?

A
  1. place name: toponym refers to the name given to that portion on earth’s surface
  2. site: physical characteristics that make a place unique.
  3. situation: the location of a place relative to other places or things
27
Q

what are the 3 different types of regions?

A
  1. Formal region (uniform): area in which most people share in one or more distinctive characteristics. can be proven to exist.
  2. functional region (Nodal): area organized around a focal point (water system, cell phone coverage etc) have a use and is based around something.
  3. vernacular region (perceptual): area people believe exist as a part of their cultural identity. opinions about a region.
28
Q

describe globalization.

A

actions or processes that involve entire world and result in making something worldwide inscope

29
Q

transnational corporations…

A

operates, sells, and researches in countries other than where their headquarters and contributes to globalization.

30
Q

what is spatial association?

A

relationship between distribution of one feature and the distribution of another.

31
Q

what is distribution and its 3 main properties?

A

the arrangements of something across earths surface.

  • density: the frequency something exists
  • concentration: spread of something over given area
  • pattern: geometric or regular arrangement of something in an area
32
Q

what is unevendevelopment?

A

increasing gap in economic conditions between core and peripheral regions as a result of globalization of the economy.

33
Q

what is diffusion?

A

process of spread of a feature of trend from one place to another over time.

34
Q

what is expansion diffusion and what does it result from?

A

spread of a feature or trend among people from one area to another in an additive process.

  1. hierarchal diffusion: spread from one key person of power to another
  2. contagious: rapid, widespread diffusion of a feature or trend throughout a population(viral).
  3. stimulus: spread of an underlying principle
35
Q

what is relocation diffusion?

A

spread through bodily movement of people form one place to another.

36
Q

what results from the connections between cultural groups?

A
  1. assimilation: one groups features resembles the others
  2. acculturation: changes in culture that result from the meeting of 2 groups, each remain distinct.
  3. syncretism: combining elements of 2 groups into new cultural feature.
37
Q

what is a network?

A

chain of communication that connects people.

38
Q

what is distance decay?

A

when a phenomenon loses importance as it goes from place of origin.

39
Q

what is sustainability and its 3 pillars?

A

using resources that does not constraint future use.

  1. environment: sustainable use/management of earth natural resources to meet human need
  2. social: consumer choices regarding sustainability
  3. economic: greater supply of resource, the cheaper it will be
40
Q

what is cultural ecology?

A

the study of human-environment relationships.

41
Q

what is environmental determinism?

A

approach that argued physical environment caused social development.

42
Q

what is the theory of possibillism?

A

environment limits human action, but people can adjust physical environment and choose different actions.

43
Q

what is a polder?

A

land created by draining water from it.

44
Q

what is the difference between absolute and relative location?

A
  • Absolute: precise system of locating phenomenon in space using latitude and longitude.
  • Relative: position of a place or activity in relation to other paces/activities and is not precise or unique
45
Q

what is the difference between absolute and relative direction?

A
  • Absolute: non-culture bound, based on cardinal or compass points
  • Relative: culturally dependent and vary by location
46
Q

what is the difference between absolute and relative distance?

A
  • Absolute: spatial separation between two places (like distance in km)
  • relative: measurements of separation that are based on the person explaining it. (like saying “10 minutes away”)
47
Q

what are thematic maps?

A

maps that tell a story about the degree of an attribute, the pattern of distribution, or movement. (like identifying rainfall or languages in a location)

48
Q

what are some strategies to portray thematic data?

A
  1. proportional symbol: different shape sizes on a map
  2. dot maps: dots represent density with ratios
  3. isopleth: use lines to connect points of equal value and ignores boundaries
  4. choropleth: numerical data by intensity of colour and uses boundaries.
49
Q

what is a cartogram?

A

maps with areas scaled to show some other value than shear size

50
Q

how many time zones are in Canada?

A

6

51
Q

what are activity spaces?

A

most detailed part of your mental map

52
Q

what is a sense of place?

A

infusing place with meaning and emotion

53
Q

what is perception of place?

A

belief or understanding of what a place is like

54
Q

what is the difference between a natural and cultural landscape?

A
  • natural: physical setting for human activity, helps to shape how people live
  • cultural: visible expression of human activity or influence on environment
55
Q

what impacts did COVID had on globalization that were in the article by Shrestha?

A

mobility, major industries, health care capacity, food and agriculture

Human Geography (11 decks)

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