chapter 13: urban patterns

Question 1

what are the 3 parts to urban settlements

Answer 1

1. metropolitan: the county where the city is located and the surrounding counties. indicates functional connection of the central city
2. central city:urban settlement that has been legally incorporated into an independent, self-governing unit
3. urban area: central city and surrounding suburbs

Question 2

what are the two types of urban areas

Answer 2

1. urbanized area: area with more than 50, 000 people

2. urban cluster: area with 2,500 - 50, 000 people

Question 3

what is a central business district (CBD)

Answer 3

area of a city where retail and office activities are clustered

• downtown
• often near water, oldest part, focal point

Question 4

what are the models to explain where people live in urban areas

Answer 4

1. concentric zone model: city grows outward from the central city like the rings of a tree
2. sector model: social groups arranged around a series of sectors, wedges, radiating out from CBD
3. multiple nuclei model: groups arranged around a collection of nodes of activities (ethnically based)
4. Galactic model: inner city surrounded by large suburban residential and business area lied together by a beltway or ring road

Question 5

what are edge cities

Answer 5

node of office and retail activities on the edge of an urban area (ring road)

Question 6

what is the social area analysis

Answer 6

statistical analysis used to identify where people of similar living standards, think background, and lifestyle live within an urban area

Question 7

in Europe, more people live ______

Answer 7

downtown

Question 8

what is a suburb

Answer 8

residential or commercial area situated within an urban area but outside central city

Question 9

what is annexation

Answer 9

legally adding land area to a city

Question 10

what is a sprawl

Answer 10

development of new housing sites at relatively low density and at locations that are not contiguous to the existing built-up area

Question 11

what is small-growth

Answer 11

legislation and regulations to limit suburban sprawl and preserve farmland

Question 12

what is the density gradient

Answer 12

Change in density in an urban area from the center to the periphery

Question 13

what is rude hour

Answer 13

the four consecutive 15 minute periods in the morning and evening with the heaviest volumes of traffic

Question 14

what is underclass

Answer 14

group in society prevented from participating in the material benefits of a more developed society because of a variety of economic disadvantages

Question 15

what is filtering

Answer 15

a process of change in the use of a house, from single-family owner occupancy to abandonment

Question 16

what is gentrification

Answer 16

process of converting an urban neighbourhood from predominately low income, renter occupied area to mostly middle class owners

Question 17

why are low income neighbourhoods attractive

Answer 17

• houses may be larger and cheaper
• historical architecture
• closer to inner city
• near services