chapter 14; resource issues

Question 1

what are fossil fuels

Answer 1

an energy source formed from residue of plants and animals buried millions of years ago

Question 2

what are the 3 types of fossil fuels

Answer 2

1. coal: supplanted wood, leading energy resource in North America and Europe in late 1800’s
2. petroleum: did not become widely used source until diffusion of motor vehicles
3. natural gas: originally burned off as product of petroleum drilling, now used to heat homes and produce electricity

Question 3

what is animate power

Answer 3

power supplied by animals or people

Question 4

what is biomass fuel

Answer 4

fuel derived from wood, plant material, or animal waste

Question 5

what is the most important fuel fro developing countries

Answer 5

biomass fuel

Question 6

what is supply and demand

Answer 6

supply: quantity of something that producers have available for sale
demand: quantity of something that consumers are willing and able to buy

Question 7

where does demand from energy come from

Answer 7

business, homes, transportation

Question 8

what are the different types of fossil fuel reserves

Answer 8

• proven reserves: the amount of a resource remaining in discovered deposits
• potential reserve: amount of energy in deposits not yet identified but thought to exist

Question 9

what are unconventional resources? what are the 2 different kinds

Answer 9

lacks economically feasible or environmentally sound technology to extract them

1. oil sands: sand saturated with thick petroleum (tar)
2. hydraulic fracturing: pumping water at high pressure to break apart rocks and thereby release natural gas

Question 10

how do we reduce demand for fossil fuels

Answer 10

higher prices and conservation

Question 11

what is the difference between renewable and non renewable resources

Answer 11

• renewable: produced in nature more rapidly than consumed

- non renewable: produced in nature more slowly than it is consumed by humans

Question 12

what is hydroelectric power

Answer 12

power generated from moving water

Question 13

what is wind power

Answer 13

power generated from wind, modifies environment less but can be lethal to flying animals

Question 14

what is geothermal energy

Answer 14

energy form steam or hot water produced from hot or molten underground rocks

Question 15

what 2 ways does solar energy get harvested

Answer 15

• passive solar energy systems: collect energy without mechanical devises
• active solar energy system: collects energy through the use of mechanical devices such as photovoltaic cells or flat-plate collectors

Question 16

what is pollution

Answer 16

concentration of waste added to air, water, or land at a greater level than occurs on average air, water, land

Question 17

what is air pollution

Answer 17

concentration of trace substances such as carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, solid particulates at a greater level than average

Question 18

what is the greenhouse effect

Answer 18

anticipated increase in earths temp caused by carbon dioxide trapping some of the radiation emitted by the surface

Question 19

what is the difference between consumptive and nonconsumptive water usage

Answer 19

consumptive: use of water that evaporates rather than being returned to nature as liquid (agriculture)

non consumptive: use of water that is returned to nature as a liquid

Question 20

what is the difference between point source and non point pollution

Answer 20

point source: pollution taht enters a body of water from a specific source

non point source pollution: pollution that originates from a large diffusion area

Question 21

what is a sanitary land fill

Answer 21

place to deposit solid waste, layer of earth is bulldozed over it each day to limit emissions

Question 22

what are the 4 cars of the future

Answer 22

1. ethanol: fuel made from sugarcane, corn, soy bean
2. electric: no gas engine
3. hybrid: gas at high speeds, electric at low
4. plug in hybrid: battery at all speeds until dead then gas takes over

Question 23

what is sustainable development

Answer 23

development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

Question 24

what is the difference between conservation and preservation

Answer 24

conservation: sustainable management of a natural resource to meet needs
preservation: maintenance of resources in their present condition with as little human impact as possible

Question 25

what are 3 key elements to sustainable development

Answer 25

decrease fossil fuels
increase renewable resources
take carbon from air