Chapter-19 Diseases Flashcards
Infectious rhinitis etiology is
A viral infection of the upper respirator. It’s most common form is rhinovirus.
The common cold is also known as
Infectious rhinitis
Signs and symptoms of infectious rhinitis are
- nose and pharynx red and swollen
- nasal congestion
- rhinorrhea
- sneezing
- watery eyes
- mouth breathing
- sore throat
- headache
- slight fever
- malaise
- cough
Sinusitis is
Secondary to a cold or allergy
Sinusitis etiology is
Caused by
- pneumococci ( bacterial)
- streptococci (bacterial)
- hemophilus influenzae (viral)
Sinusitis signs and symptoms
Severe pain in facial bone
Nasal congestion
Fever
Sore throat
Sinusitis diagnostics
Radiograph or transillumination
Lobar pneumonia is otherwise known as
Pneumonococcal pneumoniae
Lobar pneumonia etiology is
Caused by streptococcus pneumoniae first stage is congestion second stage is consolidation.
Lobar pneumonia signs and symptoms
Pleuritic pain with splinting
Rales over affected lobe
Rusty sputum
Legionnaires’ disease etiology
Gram-negative nosocomial bacterial infection
Cystic fibrosis is
A common genetic disorder that causes a defect in the bodies exocrine glands that produce an abnormally thick mucus secretion
What may also occur with cystic fibrosis
Infections and fibrosis which eventually will lead to respirator failure or right-side CHF
Cystic fibrosis etiology
Caused by a defective gene on the 7th chromosome and is transmitted as an autosomal recessive disorder
Signs and symptoms of cystic fibrosis
Blockage of ileum with mucus at birth known as meconium ileum
Salty skin
Chronic cough & frequent respiratory infections
Digestive dysfunction
Cystic fibrosis treatment
Replace pancreatic enzymes
Heart-lung transplant cause respiratory failure is usually cause of death
Life expectancy may reach adulthood with improved treatments
Asthma can be classified as
Acute- just a single episode
Chronic- long-term condition
The two types of asthma are
Extrinsic
Intrinsic
Extrinsic asthma involves
Acute, triggered by hypersensitivity reactions to inhaled antigens.
Intrinsic asthma involves
Adult onset, other stimuli target hyper-responsive tissues in airways such as infections, cold, drugs, exercise, stress, smoke
Tuberculosis etiology
Caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis. Most cases are latent. Increasing rate of occurrence due to drug-resistant strains
Tuberculosis is
Slow growing bacillus with no purulent exudate. The two stages of pathogenesis are primary infection and secondary or reinfection
Tuberculosis primary infection occurs when
Microbes invade lungs causing local inflammatory response. In lower lobes. Some bacilli migrate to lymph nodes causing hypersensitivity response.forms tubercles where cassation occurs. In healthy people Ghon complexes form.
With tuberculosis, bacteria may remain viable but ______, walled off inside the tubercle for years, patient is exposed and infected, but _____ ______ is not present and remains asymptomatic.
Dormant; active disease
Tuberculosis secondary or reinfection stage occurs due
To decreased host resistance and then active infection ensues. A cavitation is created in the lung. Hemoptysis is common.
Tuberculosis test is called
Mantoux test
Transmission of tuberculosis is
Oral droplets
Emphysema is
Destruction of the alveolar walls and septae may be classified by location: distal alveoli & bronchiolar.
Emphysema signs and symptoms
Insidious onsets
Dyspnea
Barrel chest
Clubbed fingers
