Chapter-19 Diseases

Question 0

Infectious rhinitis etiology is

Answer 0

A viral infection of the upper respirator. It’s most common form is rhinovirus.

Question 1

The common cold is also known as

Answer 1

Infectious rhinitis

Question 2

Signs and symptoms of infectious rhinitis are

Answer 2

• nose and pharynx red and swollen
• nasal congestion
• rhinorrhea
• sneezing
• watery eyes
• mouth breathing
• sore throat
• headache
• slight fever
• malaise
• cough

Question 3

Sinusitis is

Answer 3

Secondary to a cold or allergy

Question 4

Sinusitis etiology is

Answer 4

Caused by

• pneumococci ( bacterial)
• streptococci (bacterial)
• hemophilus influenzae (viral)

Question 5

Sinusitis signs and symptoms

Answer 5

Severe pain in facial bone
Nasal congestion
Fever
Sore throat

Question 6

Sinusitis diagnostics

Answer 6

Radiograph or transillumination

Question 7

Lobar pneumonia is otherwise known as

Answer 7

Pneumonococcal pneumoniae

Question 8

Lobar pneumonia etiology is

Answer 8

Caused by streptococcus pneumoniae first stage is congestion second stage is consolidation.

Question 9

Lobar pneumonia signs and symptoms

Answer 9

Pleuritic pain with splinting
Rales over affected lobe
Rusty sputum

Question 10

Legionnaires’ disease etiology

Answer 10

Gram-negative nosocomial bacterial infection

Question 11

Cystic fibrosis is

Answer 11

A common genetic disorder that causes a defect in the bodies exocrine glands that produce an abnormally thick mucus secretion

Question 12

What may also occur with cystic fibrosis

Answer 12

Infections and fibrosis which eventually will lead to respirator failure or right-side CHF

Question 13

Cystic fibrosis etiology

Answer 13

Caused by a defective gene on the 7th chromosome and is transmitted as an autosomal recessive disorder

Question 14

Signs and symptoms of cystic fibrosis

Answer 14

Blockage of ileum with mucus at birth known as meconium ileum
Salty skin
Chronic cough & frequent respiratory infections
Digestive dysfunction

Question 15

Cystic fibrosis treatment

Answer 15

Replace pancreatic enzymes
Heart-lung transplant cause respiratory failure is usually cause of death
Life expectancy may reach adulthood with improved treatments

Question 16

Asthma can be classified as

Answer 16

Acute- just a single episode

Chronic- long-term condition

Question 17

The two types of asthma are

Answer 17

Extrinsic

Intrinsic

Question 18

Extrinsic asthma involves

Answer 18

Acute, triggered by hypersensitivity reactions to inhaled antigens.

Question 19

Intrinsic asthma involves

Answer 19

Adult onset, other stimuli target hyper-responsive tissues in airways such as infections, cold, drugs, exercise, stress, smoke

Question 20

Tuberculosis etiology

Answer 20

Caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis. Most cases are latent. Increasing rate of occurrence due to drug-resistant strains

Question 21

Tuberculosis is

Answer 21

Slow growing bacillus with no purulent exudate. The two stages of pathogenesis are primary infection and secondary or reinfection

Question 22

Tuberculosis primary infection occurs when

Answer 22

Microbes invade lungs causing local inflammatory response. In lower lobes. Some bacilli migrate to lymph nodes causing hypersensitivity response.forms tubercles where cassation occurs. In healthy people Ghon complexes form.

Question 23

With tuberculosis, bacteria may remain viable but ______, walled off inside the tubercle for years, patient is exposed and infected, but _____ ______ is not present and remains asymptomatic.

Answer 23

Dormant; active disease

Question 24

Tuberculosis secondary or reinfection stage occurs due

Answer 24

To decreased host resistance and then active infection ensues. A cavitation is created in the lung. Hemoptysis is common.

Question 25

Tuberculosis test is called

Answer 25

Mantoux test

Question 26

Transmission of tuberculosis is

Answer 26

Oral droplets

Question 27

Emphysema is

Answer 27

Destruction of the alveolar walls and septae may be classified by location: distal alveoli & bronchiolar.

Question 28

Emphysema signs and symptoms

Answer 28

Insidious onsets
Dyspnea
Barrel chest
Clubbed fingers