Chapter-17 Blood/Lymphatics

Question 0

Universal blood recipients

Answer 0

Type AB

Question 1

Universal blood donors

Answer 1

Type O

Question 2

Hematocrit is

Answer 2

The volume percent of RBCs in whole blood

Question 3

Normal hematocrit for adult men and women?

Answer 3

Men: 42-54% women: 38-46%

Question 4

Reduced hematocrit is

Answer 4

Anemia

Question 5

Elevated hematocrit is

Answer 5

Polycythemia

Question 6

Anemias cause

Answer 6

A reduction in oxygen transport

Question 7

Oxygen transport reduction is reduced due to

Answer 7

Decreased hemoglobin and erythrocytes

Question 8

What two mechanisms try to compensate for lack of oxygen

Answer 8

Tachycardia

Vasoconstriction

Question 9

Oxygen deficit leads to

Answer 9

Less cell energy produced

Metabolism and reproduction diminished

Question 10

Iron deficiency anemia may occur due to what four reasons?

Answer 10

Insufficient dietary intake
Chronic blood Loss
Impaired iron absorption
Severe liver disease

Question 11

Is iron deficiency anemia typically symptomatic or asymptomatic?

Answer 11

Asymptomatic

Question 12

General signs of iron deficiency anemia? (12)

Answer 12

Pallor, fatigue,lethargy,cold intolerance, irritability, degenerative changes, menstrual irregularities, delayed healing, tachycardia, heart palpitations, dyspnea, and syncope.

Question 13

How can we treat iron deficiency anemia?

Answer 13

Identify underlying cause and resolve if possible. Take iron supplements and eat iron-rich foods.

Question 14

Pernicious anemia is also known as?

Answer 14

Vitamin B12 deficiency

Question 15

What type of anemia is pernicious anemia?

Answer 15

Megaloblastic anemia

Question 16

What is pernicious anemia characterized by?

Answer 16

Large, immature “nucleated” erythrocytes

Question 17

Pernicious anemia results from?

Answer 17

A vitamin B12 deficiency

Question 18

Another type of megaloblastic anemia can result from

Answer 18

Vitamin B9 (folic acid) deficiency, usually diet related.

Question 19

Main cause of pernicious anemia is?

Answer 19

Malabsorption from gastritis or inflammatory condition

Question 20

Pernicious anemia can also be cause by

Answer 20

Iatrogenic ally induced from procedures such as gastrectomy or bariatric surgery.

Question 21

Four general signs of pernicious anemia are?

Answer 21

Fatigue
Pallor
Dyspnea
Tachycardia

Question 22

Signature sign of pernicious anemia

Answer 22

Large red, sore, shiny tongue

Question 23

Two neurologic symptoms of pernicious anemia?

Answer 23

Paresthesia

Ataxia

Question 24

Sickle cell anemia is due to

Answer 24

A recessive HbS gene

Question 25

Where is the HbS gene very common

Answer 25

Black population

Question 26

Signs of anemia may occur in conditions of?

Answer 26

Hypoxia

Question 27

In sickle cell anemia, in people with both recessive genes normal HbA is replaced with?

Answer 27

HbS

Question 28

At what age does signs appear for sickle cell anemia, and why?

Answer 28

Around 12 months, because fetal hemoglobin (HbF) takes that long to be replaced by HbS.

Question 29

Signs/symptoms of sickle cell anemia (6)

Answer 29

Pallor, weakness, tachycardia, dyspnea, jaundice, splenomegaly

Question 30

Treatment for sickle cell anemia is (3)

Answer 30

Drugs to reduce sickling Avoid strenuous activity and high altitudes Gene therapy is being investigated

Question 31

Many patients do not live past?

Answer 31

20 years

Question 32

Polycythemia is also called

Answer 32

Primary polycythemia or polycythemia Vera

Question 33

Polycythemia is

Answer 33

A condition of increased production of erythrocytes and other cells by bone marrow.

Question 34

What kind of disorder is polycythemia considered

Answer 34

Neoplastic disorder

Question 35

Signs/symptoms of polycythemia are (5)

Answer 35

``` Patient appears plethoric and cyanotic Hepatomegaly Splenomegaly High blood pressure Congestive heart failure ```

Question 36

Hemophilia A are deficit in

Answer 36

Clotting factor VIII

Question 37

Hemophilia A is transmitted as a

Answer 37

X-linked recessive trait

Question 38

Manifested in (men/women) but carried by (men/women) who are asymptomatic

Answer 38

Men, women

Question 39

Signs/symptoms of hemophilia (6)

Answer 39

``` Prolonged or sever hemorrhage following minor tissue trauma. Persistent oozing of blood Hematomas, easy bruising Frequent nosebleeds Spontaneous hemorrhage Hematuria or fecal blood ```

Question 40

________leukemia's have high numbers of immature, nonfunctional cells in bone marrow and circulation.

Answer 40

Acute

Question 41

This leukemia has abrupt onset, with marked signs.

Answer 41

Acute

Question 42

______ leukemia's have higher proportion of mature cells.

Answer 42

Chronic

Question 43

Which leukemia has insidious onset, mild signs and better prognosis

Answer 43

Chronic

Question 44

Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) affects?

Answer 44

B-lymphocytes

Question 45

Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) affects?

Answer 45

Granulocytes

Question 46

Acute monocytic leukemia affects?

Answer 46

Monocytes

Question 47

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) affects

Answer 47

B-lymphocytes

Question 48

Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) affects?

Answer 48

Granulocytes

Question 49

AML is common in

Answer 49

Adults, cause radiation, chemicals, viruses

Question 50

ALL is common in

Answer 50

Children between age 2-6 cause unknown

Question 51

Signs/symptoms of acute leukemia (7)

Answer 51

``` Unresponsive infection/ excessive bleeding Multiple infections Signs of anemia Bone pain Weight loss/fatigue Fever Enlarged lymph nodes/ spleen ```

Question 52

Signs/symptoms of chronic leukemia (3)

Answer 52

Fatigue Weakness Frequent infections

Question 53

Hodgkin's malignancy initially involves...

Answer 53

A single lymph node frequently in the neck area

Question 54

Hodgkin is due to defective

Answer 54

T-lymphocytes

Question 55

Hodgkin's is subdivided into

Answer 55

Four sub-types based on cells found at biopsy

Question 56

First indicator of hodgkin's is

Answer 56

Usually a cervical lymph node that is large, painless and non-tender

Question 57

Later signs/symptoms of hodgkin's

Answer 57

Splenomegaly and enlarged lymph nodes

Question 58

General signs of cancer with hodgkin's

Answer 58

``` Weight loss Low grade fever Anemia Night sweats Fatigue ```

Question 59

Non-hodgkin's is increasing in incidence partly due to

Answer 59

The numbers associated with HIV infection

Question 60

Non-hodgkin's involves

Answer 60

B-lymphocytes, 80%

Question 61

2 ways its similar to hodgkin's

Answer 61

Initial manifestation is an enlarged, painless lymph node | Clinical signs, staging and treatment are similar to hodgkin's

Question 62

Spontaneous bleeding or excessive bleeding following a minor tissue trauma often indicates a

Answer 62

Blood-clotting disorder