Chapter 19 Flashcards
1
Q
What 2 factors determine our ability to concentrate urine
A
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) Medullary osmotic gradient
2
Q
What creates the medullary osmotic gradient
A
Countercurrent multiplier
3
Q
What maintains the medullary osmotic gradient
A
Countercurrent exchanger
4
Q
The descending limb is permeable to
A
Water
5
Q
The ascending limb is permeable to
A
Salt
6
Q
What is the definition of alkalosis?
A
pH > 7.45
7
Q
What is the definition of acidosis?
A
pH < 7.35
8
Q
What is the normal pH of the blood
A
7.4
9
Q
What are the two types of acidosis/alkalosis
A
Repsiratory and metabolic
10
Q
How does respiratory acidosis occur
A
Hypoventilation
PaCO2 is higher than normal
11
Q
How does respiratory alkalosis occur
A
Hyperventilation
PaCO2 is lower than normal
12
Q
How does metabolic acidosis occur
A
Excessive loss of bicarbonate
13
Q
How does metabolic alkalosis occur
A
Excessive bicarbonate
